Abstract:
A process for the production of tertiary alkyl ethers from a feed containing tertiary alkenes and diolefins comprises the following steps: (a) subjecting the feed to a hydrogenation step to selectively hydrogenate the diolefins employing, as catalyst, sulphided nickel on a support, the catalyst containing at least 40% by weight of nickel based on the total weight of nickel and support, (b) subjecting the hydrogenated feed to an etherification step which comprises reacting the tertiary alkenes with an alcohol in the presence of an etherification catalyst to form tertiary alkyl ethers. The feed containing tertiary alkenes can be a light catalytically cracked spirit obtained from the catalytic cracking of mineral oils and the alcohol can be methanol and the product from the etherification step contain one or more of tertiary butyl methyl ether, tertiary amyl methyl ether, tertiary hexyl methyl ether and tertiary heptyl methyl ether.
Abstract:
An alcohol is carbonylated with carbon monoxide over a carbonylation catalyst supported on a carbon derived from phenolic resin which has been partially cured, ground, shaped, carbonised, and activated by heating with alkali metal hydroxide and/or heating in an oxidising atmosphere.
Abstract:
A process for the production of olefins which comprises passing an oxygenate- containing feedstock over a zeo type catalyst at a temperature greater than 200°C, characterised in that the feedstock comprising an olefin and, as oxygenate, methanol, formaldehyde and/or dimethylether, the zeo type catalyst is of TON-type structure, and the feedstock includes added water.
Abstract:
Composé répondant à la formule générale I(a) et/ou I(b) et/ou I(c), dans lesquelles R1 représente un groupe méthyle ou un groupe répondant à la formule générale -CH2.SO2.R2 ou -CH2.SO2.NR2R3, dans lesquelles R2 et R3 représentent, indépendament l'un de l'autre, un groupe alkyle, cycloalkyle ou phényle ou phénalkyle éventuellement substitué; R4, R5 et R6 représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, un atome d'hydrogène ou un groupe méthyle; X représente un groupe répondant à la formule C(CH3)2 ou, lorsque R5 et R6 représentent tous les deux un groupe méthyle, représente également un groupe dont la formule est CH2; Q représente un atome d'oxygène ou de soufre; et Y représente un atome d'hydrogène, un atome de métal alcalin ou un groupe répondant à la formule générale -COA, dans laquelle A représente un atome d'halogène ou un groupe alkyle ou alcoxy éventuellement substitué par un groupe phényle, cycloalkyle, alcoxy ou alkylcarbonyle. Les composés sont bicycliques et optiquement actifs, et sont utiles à la synthèse des isomères optiques et à la séparation de ceux-ci des mélanges les contenant.
Abstract translation:通式I(a)和/或I(b)和/或I(c)的化合物,其中R 1表示甲基或通式-CH 2 SO 2 R 2的基团。 或-CH 2,SO 2 NR 2 R 3,其中R 2和R 3各自独立地表示烷基,环烷基或任选取代的苯基或苯基烷基; R 4,R 5和R 6各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基; X表示式C(CH 3)2的基团,或者当R 5和R 6都表示甲基时,也表示式CH 2的基团; Q表示氧或硫原子; Y表示氢原子,碱金属原子或通式-COA的基团,其中A表示卤素原子或任选被苯基,环烷基,烷氧基或烷基羰基取代的烷基或烷氧基。 该化合物是双环光学活性化合物,可用于合成光学异构体并从混合物中分离光学异构体。
Abstract:
A protective hood (1) for protecting an individual from the effects of fire and smoke in a fire related emergency comprises a high temperature resistant plastics material having a layer of titanium on at least a part of its outer surface (2). Preferably the plastics material has a layer of fluoropolymer on its inner suface (3) and the titanium is sufficiently thick to provide the required heat reflective properties but is transparent to visible light.
Abstract:
A process for removing iodide derivatives from liquid acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride comprises contacting the liquid acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride with a strong acid cation exchange resin having from about 4% to about 12% crosslinking, a surface area in the proton exchanged form of less than 10m²g⁻¹ after drying from the water wet state and a surface area of greater than 10m²g⁻¹ after drying from a wet state in which water has been replaced by methanol. The resin has at least one percent of its active sites converted to the silver form preferably from 30 to 70 percent.
Abstract:
A process for desulphurising hydrocarbon oils comprises the steps of (1) treating a sulphur containing hydrocarbon oil with a catalyst consisting essentially of an aqueous acidic or neutral solution of a molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium heteropolyanion and an oxidant under conditions such that the sulphur is oxidised and (2) separating the oxidised sulphur from the treated hydrocarbon oil. Preferred catalysts include those heteropolyanions derivable by ionisation of an acid having the general formula H e (X k M n O y ) where X is selected from phosphorus, antimony, silicon, germanium or boron; M is selected from molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium; k is from 1 to 5; n is from 5 to 40; y is from 18 to 62 and e is the valance of the (X k M n O y ) e- anion.
Abstract:
Novel membranes comprise crystals of a zeo-type material carried by a porous support. The crystal growth of the zeo-type material is essentially continuous over the pores of the support and the zeo-type material is crystallised directly from and bonds directly to the support. Membranes may be prepared by immersing the support in a synthesis gel, crystallising the gel, removing the support, and repeating these steps at least once.
Abstract:
A process for the deposition of a zeo-type material on a porous metallic support, which comprises immersing at least one surface of the porous metallic support in a synthesis gel which is capable of crystallising to produce a crystalline zeo-type material, and inducing crystallisation of said gel so that zeo-type material crystallises on the support; characterised in that prior to immersion in the gel, said surface of the metallic support has been treated with an acid.
Abstract:
An alcohol is carbonylated with carbon monoxide over a carbonylation catalyst supported on a carbon derived from phenolic resin which has been partially cured, ground, shaped, carbonised, and activated by heating with alkali metal hydroxide and/or heating in an oxidising atmosphere.