Abstract:
Compositions made by reacting (I) a metal phenoxide salt of a bridged phenol of 2 to about 20 phenol groups and (II) a carboxylic acid reagent containing from one to three carboxyl-based groups and a halogen-substituted hydrocarbon-based aliphatic or alicyclic group containing a halogen atom are useful as additives for lubricants and normally liquid fuels. Analogous thiophenoxide-based compositions are similarly useful. These compositions can also be used as intermediates for the preparation of other useful additive compositions through their reaction with alcohols, amino compounds, reactive small ring heterocycles and basically reacting metal compounds.
Abstract:
Methods of treating a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid are described wherein the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid is contacted with an asphaltene inhibitor composition having an ionic liquid and an asphaltene inhibitor. The ionic liquid has a cation of R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N+ or R 1 R 2 R 3 N+R 8 N+R 5 R 6 R 7 and an anion, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from hydrogen, a straight or branched C 1-30 alkyl group, benzyl, a C 7-30 alkylbenzyl group, a C 7-30 arylalkyl group, a straight or branched C 3-30 alkenyl group, a C 1-30 hydroxyalkyl group, a C 7-30 hydroxyalkylbenzyl group, an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene group or a zwitterion; R 8 is a straight or branched C 1-30 alkylene, an alkylene oxyalkylene or an alkylene polyoxyalkylene; and the anion includes halides, hydroxyl, bicarbonate, carbonate, alkyl carbonates, alkoxides, carboxylates, hydroxycarboxylates or a combination thereof.
Abstract:
An iron salt of an organic acid, selected from formic acid, carboxylic acids having (3) or more carbon atoms and sulphonic acids, is used to reduce the carbon content of the fly ash, when coal is combusted.
Abstract:
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung mindestens einer öllöslichen, als Nucleator für die Paraffinkristallisation wirkenden Verbindung B), ausgewählt aus Copolymeren aus Ethylen und 2 bis 10,5 mol-% mindestens einem ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäureester, zur Verbesserung des Ansprechverhaltens von Mineralölkaltfließverbesserern C), welche von B) verschieden sind, in Mitteldestillaten, die mindestens ein aschefreies, stickstoffhaltiges Detergenzadditiv A) enthalten, welches eine öllösliche, amphiphile Verbindung ist, die mindestens einen Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest umfasst, der an eine polare Gruppe gebunden ist, wobei der Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest 10 bis 500 C-Atome und die polare Gruppe 2 oder mehr Stickstoffatome umfasst.
Abstract:
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung mindestens einer öllöslichen, als Nucleator für die Paraffinkristallisation wirkenden Verbindung B), ausgewählt aus im Wesentlichen linearen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit mindestens 22 C-Atomen, zur Verbesserung des Ansprechverhaltens von Mineralölkaltfließverbesserern C) in Mitteldestillaten, die mindestens ein aschefreies, stickstoffhaltiges Detergenzadditiv A) enthalten, welches eine öllösliche, amphiphile Verbindung ist, die mindestens einen Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest umfasst, der an eine polare Gruppe gebunden ist, wobei der Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest 10 bis 500 C-Atome und die polare Gruppe 2 oder mehr Stickstoffatome umfasst.
Abstract:
A jet fuel additive concentrate composition comprises a solvent and a combination of components. A fuel composition and methods to improve thermal stability of a jet fuel and to reduce deposits in a jet engine include the jet fuel additive concentrate composition. The improvement in the thermal stability of a jet fuel is synergistic when the combination of components includes a cold-flow improving composition.
Abstract:
A novel aviation fuel characterized by having a low freeze point (typically no higher than -40 DEG C) comprising a mixture of an aviation fuel and a compound selected from at least one member of the group consisting of: 1) the reaction product of an alkanol amine with a hydrocarbyl-substitued acylating agent wherein the hydrocarbyl group comprises a substantially linear alkyl or alkenyl group containing an average of about 8 to about 50 carbon atoms; or 2) the reaction product of (a) substantially linear hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol wherein the hydrocarbyl sustituent contains an average of about 8 to about 40 carbon atoms with an aldehyde or a source thereof having between 1 to 10 carbon atoms; or 3) aromatic moieties containing from about 1 to 3 aromatic rings wherein the aromatic moieties contain up to three substituents hydrocarbyl substantially linear constituents having from about 1 to 50 carbon atoms and the aromatic moieties are coupled by alkylene groups having 1 to 100 carbon atoms; or 4) an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer having a number average molecular weight of between about 2,500 to 10,000 with a mole percent ethylene to vinyl acetate ratio of between about 65:35 to 85:15.
Abstract:
It has been discovered that various ester and ether reaction products are excellent asphaltene deposition inhibitors or dispersants for use in hydrocarbons such as crude oils. The asphaltene inhibiting compounds may be (1) esters formed from the reaction of polyhydric alcohols with carboxylic acids; (2) ethers formed from the reaction of glycidyl ethers or epoxides with polyhydric alcohols; and (3) esters formed from the reaction of glycidyl ethers or epoxides with carboxylic acids.