Abstract:
An interferometric sensor includes a broadband optical source, a depolarizer for depolarizing optical radiation emitted by the broadband optical source, a matched interferometer, a sensing interferometer, and a detector. The matched interferometer contains a phase modulator. The sensor is configured so that the optical path length difference in the sensing interferometer is approximately equal to the optical path length difference in the matched interferometer.
Abstract:
An interferometric procedure, such as electronic speckle pattern interferometry, involves generating two signals representing the point-by-point variations in intensity of respective patterns of electromagnetic radiation resulting from the interference of first and second beams of such radiation derived from a coherent source, with at least the first beam from each pattern being scattered, before interference with its respective second beam, from a common object surface, and with a corresponding pair of the beams, one for each pattern, having a predetermined relative phase difference of other than a multiple of pi ; and determining from the two signals values for a datum phase of the radiation at the object surface. Preferably, as a preliminary to this last determination, DC components are removed from the two signals. Conveniently, to simplify the determination, the phase difference is an odd multiple of pi /4 or pi /2.
Abstract:
Metrology measurement methods and tools are provided, which illuminate a stationary diffractive target by a stationary illumination source, measure a signal composed of a sum of a zeroth order diffraction signal and a first order diffraction signal, repeat the measuring for a plurality of relations between the zeroth and the first diffraction signals, while maintaining the diffractive target and the illumination source stationary, and derive the first order diffraction signal from the measured sums. Illumination may be coherent and measurements may be in the pupil plane, or illumination may be incoherent and measurements may be in the field plane, in either case, partial overlapping of the zeroth and the first diffraction orders are measured. Illumination may be annular and the diffractive target may be a one cell SCOL target with periodic structures having different pitches to separate the overlap regions.
Abstract:
The invention provides interferometric apparatus and methods for reducing the effects of coherent artifacts in interferometers. Fringe contrast in interferograms is preserved while coherent artifacts that would otherwise be present in the interferogram because of coherent superposition of unwanted radiation generated in the interferogram are suppressed. Use is made of illumination and interferogrammetric imaging architectures that generate individual interferograms of the selected characteristics of a test surface from the perspective of different off-axis locations of illumination in an interferometer and then combine them to preserve fringe contrast while at the same time arranging for artifacts to exist at different field locations so that their contribution to the combined interferogram is diluted.
Abstract:
The invention relates to applications of optical interference. It is already known to reduce speckle contrast by introducing arbitrary phase shifts in the reference light beam. According to the invention, such phase shifts are not introduced arbitrarily, but systematically whereby the phase changes are synchronised with the acquisition time intervals in such a way that interference fringes can be washed out in selected regions of the beam diameter maintaining high contrast of interference fringes in the desired regions at the same time. This technique can be used for enhancing the lateral resolution in imaging techniques and the bandwidth in optical communications.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided to generate tomography images that performs the method. The apparatus and method are configured to determine a basis pattern from modulated phases of incident rays from a spatial light modulator according to a pattern of arranged pixels, The apparatus and method are further configured to perform spatial shift modulation shifting an arrangement of the pixels vertically or horizontally with respect to the basis pattern to obtain shift patterns of the basis pattern. The apparatus and method are configured to generate tomography images for the basis pattern and the shift patterns using spectrum signals of rays obtained from the incident rays passing through the spatial light modulator and entering a subject. The apparatus and method are configured to select a pattern that generates a clearest tomography image of the subject based on the generated tomography images.
Abstract:
An optical imaging method is provided that can realize, at low cost, the extension of the imaging depth range. An optical imaging apparatus 400 is an apparatus that forms a tomographic image of an object using FD-OCT, and performs a scanning step, detection step and imaging step. In the scanning step, the object is scanned with a signal light while alternately changing the phase difference between the signal light and a reference light to two preset phase differences. In the detection step, interference light of the signal light passing through the object and the reference light is detected. In the imaging step, a tomographic image of the object is formed based on the detection results of a plurality of the interference lights sequentially obtained in the detection step according to the scanning.