公开(公告)号：US4899957A

公开(公告)日：1990-02-13

申请号：US105848

申请日：1987-10-07

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: B64C11/28 ,  B64C27/04 ,  B64C27/12 ,  B64C29/00 ,  B64D31/14 ,  B64D35/00 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F03C1/24 ,  F04B1/20 ,  F16C21/00

CPC classification number: B64C27/52 ,  B64C11/28 ,  B64C27/04 ,  B64C27/12 ,  B64C29/00 ,  B64C29/0016 ,  B64D31/14 ,  B64D35/00 ,  F03C1/2415 ,  F04B1/20 ,  F04B1/2092 ,  F16C21/00 ,  B64C2700/6281 ,  F02B2075/025 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046

Abstract: In a vehicle or device a fluid motor is employed to drive rotary members, such as wheels, propellers, tracks. The motor is provided with an arrangement which includes a control means and an axially moveable member. By utilizing the control means, for example, by a flow of fluid, the axially moveable member is used to apply an action, which is not common to the usual operation of fluid motors. The arrangement may be used to arrest the rotor of the motor from rotation when no pressure is in the driving fluid line. It may also be used to control the pitch of propellers with variable pitch arrangements. Also possible is to use the arrangement to automatically obtain an auto-rotation of rotor blades on vertical axes of vertically take off and landing vehicles, when the pressure in the fluid line to the motors for driving the motors drops below a predetermined minimum of pressure.The speciality of the preferred embodiment which is shown in FIGS. 18, 19, 24 to 26 and 34 to 37 consists in the provision of a tail propeller, a main lift propeller and a rate of power varying means in the transmission between the power plant and the mentioned propellers. Thereby the tail propeller acts as forward driving propeller, while the main lift propeller may act with vertical or slightly inclined axis or it may be stopped to rest. The vehicle can thereby fly as a helicpoter or selectively as a gyrocopter and as an aircraft flying on wings if the wing assembly is assembled to the vehicle.

Abstract translation: 在车辆或设备中，使用流体马达来驱动旋转构件，例如轮子，螺旋桨，轨道。 马达设置有包括控制装置和可轴向移动的构件的装置。 通过利用控制装置，例如通过流体流动，可轴向移动的构件用于施加动作，这对于流体马达的通常操作是不常见的。 当驱动流体管线中没有压力时，该装置可用于阻止马达的转子旋转。 它也可用于控制具有可变节距排列的螺旋桨的桨距。 还有可能的是，当驱动马达的流体管线中的压力下降到预定的最小压力以下时，使用该装置可自动获得垂直起降车辆的垂直轴上的转子叶片的自动旋转。 图1和图2所示的优选实施例的特征。 18,19,24至26和34至37条包括在发电厂和所述螺旋桨之间的传输中提供尾桨，主升力螺旋桨和动力变化装置的速率。 因此，尾螺旋桨作为前进驱动螺旋桨，而主提升螺旋桨可以垂直或稍微倾斜的轴线起作用，或者可以停止休息。 因此，如果机翼组件组装到车辆上，则车辆可以作为螺旋桨飞行，或者选择性地作为陀螺仪飞行器和作为飞行器的飞行器飞行。

公开(公告)号：US4863807A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-05

申请号：US248315

申请日：1988-09-19

Applicant: Stephen Krasicky, Jr.

Inventor： Stephen Krasicky, Jr.

IPC: F02F3/12

CPC classification number: F02F3/12 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046 ,  Y10T428/1234 ,  Y10T428/12444

Abstract: A multi-layered insulating piston cap for cast metal pistons having an insulating, perforated metal sheet layer. A piston cap is provided having a top sheet continuous layer made of a heat and corrosion resistant metal for protecting the piston cap, a second layer made of heat and corrosion resistant metal sheet having a plurality of spaced apart perforations for providing trapped air spaces, a third layer made of a heat and corrosion resistant metal foil for sealing the perforations, and a fourth layer or porous, heat and corrosion resistant metal for anchoring the piston cap to the piston. One coined geometry can be used when blanking various sized cross-sections of piston cap.

Abstract translation: 一种用于铸造金属活塞的多层绝缘活塞帽，其具有绝缘的穿孔金属片层。 提供一种活塞盖，其具有由用于保护活塞盖的耐热和耐腐蚀金属制成的顶片连续层，由耐热和耐腐蚀的金属板制成的第二层，其具有用于提供被困空气空间的多个间隔开的穿孔， 由用于密封穿孔的耐热和耐腐蚀的金属箔制成的第三层，以及用于将活塞盖固定到活塞的第四层或多孔，耐热和耐腐蚀的金属。 当冲压活塞盖的各种尺寸的横截面时，可以使用一个压模几何形状。

公开(公告)号：US4712381A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-15

申请号：US665482

申请日：1984-10-29

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: F01B19/00 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B75/36 ,  F02F3/28 ,  F04B43/02 ,  F16J3/02 ,  F01B29/04

CPC classification number: F02B75/36 ,  F01B19/00 ,  F02F3/28 ,  F04B43/02 ,  F16J3/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046

Abstract: A cylinder in a fluid handling device in which high pressures and temperature vary in a periodic cycle. An outer chamber surrounding the cylinder in which a pressurized fluid is used to equalize the pressure inside and outside the cylinder wall to prevent breaking under high internal pressures. The pressurized fluid is also transferred from the outer chamber for use in the cylinder of the fluid handling device.

Abstract translation: 流体处理装置中的气缸，其中高压和温度在周期性循环中变化。 围绕气缸的外部室，其中使用加压流体来平衡缸壁内部和外部的压力，以防止在高内部压力下破裂。 加压流体也从外室转移以用于流体处理装置的气缸中。

公开(公告)号：US4664018A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-12

申请号：US678540

申请日：1984-12-05

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: F04B43/00 ,  F04B43/02 ,  F01B13/04

CPC classification number: F04B43/0063 ,  F04B43/02 ,  B64C2700/6281 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046

Abstract: In an axial piston motor or pump the cylinder barrel is mounted on a medial shaft which has a shoulder which axially, bears against the front end of the rotor barrel. The rear end of the medial shaft is radially borne in a housing portion. The front portion of the medial shaft is provided with a bearing member of an axial thrust bearing for support on a respective axial thrust bearing member in the housing. On the rear end of the rotary barrel an axially selfthrusting control body is provided to seal the flow of fluid to and from the cylinders of the rotary barrel. The control body presses against the rotary barrel, the rotary barrel presses against the shoulder of the medial shaft and the thrust bearing member of the shaft bears on the thrust bearing member of the housing. As a result thereof the cylinders in the rotary barrel can be straight through bores. The manufacturing of the rotor barrel is thereby simplified and the flow acceleration losses of former bag bore type cylinders are prevented.

Abstract translation: 在轴向活塞马达或泵中，缸筒安装在内侧轴上，该内侧轴具有肩部，该肩部轴向地抵靠转子筒的前端。 内侧轴的后端径向地承载在壳体部分中。 内侧轴的前部设置有用于支撑在壳体中的相应的轴向推力轴承构件上的轴向推力轴承的轴承构件。 在旋转筒的后端，提供轴向自调控制体以密封流体流向和从旋转筒的圆筒的流动。 控制体压靠旋转筒，旋转筒压靠在内侧轴的肩部上，轴的止推轴承部件承载在壳体的止推轴承部件上。 结果，旋转筒中的圆筒可以是直通孔。 因此，转子筒的制造被简化，并且防止了前袋式缸的流动加速损失。

公开(公告)号：US4557347A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-10

申请号：US282990

申请日：1981-07-14

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: F01B19/00 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B75/36 ,  F02F3/28 ,  F04B43/02 ,  F16J3/02 ,  B60K7/00

CPC classification number: F02F3/28 ,  F01B19/00 ,  F02B75/36 ,  F04B43/02 ,  F16J3/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046

Abstract: In a fluid pump or motor improvements are provided to the piston shoes therein to permit a higher pressure in the respective device. Other improvements are done to the hydrostatic bearings in radial piston or radial chamber type fluid motors and pumps. A further arrangement is, that plural pistons are applied to permit the use of two different fluids in the respective device. This leads also to the application of disc springs and their modification in a pump or motor to make the pumping of non-viscous fluids like water possible at very high pressure. Motors are provided with arrangements to permit them to drive and to carry simultaneously or to have hollow shafts, whereby improved and novel machines and vehicles are obtained.

Abstract translation: 在流体泵或电动机中，将改进措施提供给其中的活塞鞋，以允许相应装置中的较高压力。 对径向活塞或径向室型流体电动机和泵中的静压轴承进行了其他改进。 进一步的布置是，施加多个活塞以允许在相应装置中使用两种不同的流体。 这也导致盘簧的应用及其在泵或马达中的改进，以使非粘性流体像水一样在非常高的压力下被泵送。 电机具有允许它们同时驱动和携带或具有空心轴的布置，从而获得改进的和新颖的机器和车辆。

公开(公告)号：US4343229A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-10

申请号：US35682

申请日：1979-05-03

Applicant: Yoshihiko Tsuzuki ,  Kiyoshi Uchida ,  Toshio Tanahashi

Inventor： Yoshihiko Tsuzuki ,  Kiyoshi Uchida ,  Toshio Tanahashi

IPC: F02F3/00 ,  F02F3/12 ,  F02F3/28 ,  F16J1/00

CPC classification number: F02F3/003 ,  F02F3/12 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046 ,  F05C2251/042

Abstract: An engine piston composed of a head and a body separately formed from the head. The head is of ceramic material and the body is light metal or light alloy. The head and the body are connected against axial movement by interengagement of inclined surfaces on the head and body by rotation of the head relative to the body, and the head and body are then fixed against relative rotation by an anti-turning device, this arrangement preventing development of excessive thermal stress. The piston is of reduced weight, can be mass-produced, and reduces fuel consumption.

Abstract translation: 一种发动机活塞，由头部和主体构成，该主体与头部分别形成。 头是陶瓷材料，身体是轻金属或轻合金。 头部和主体通过头部相对于主体的旋转而相互接合头部和主体上的倾斜表面而相对于轴向移动，并且头部和主体然后通过防转动装置抵抗相对旋转而固定，这种布置 防止过度热应力的发展。 活塞减重，可批量生产，降低燃油消耗。

公开(公告)号：US4332223A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-01

申请号：US182687

申请日：1980-08-29

Applicant: James M. Dalton

Inventor： James M. Dalton

IPC: F02B19/10 ,  F02P9/00 ,  H01T13/54 ,  F02B23/00 ,  F02P23/00

CPC classification number: H01T13/54 ,  F02B19/108 ,  F02P9/007 ,  F05C2201/046 ,  Y02T10/125 ,  Y10S123/01 ,  Y10S123/07

Abstract: An improved ignitor and ignition method for igniting a wide variety of fuels that may be used to power various types of engines, or for use with other applications requiring the efficient combustion of fuel. The fuel to be burned is mixed with air to form a relatively lean first fuel/air mixture. This first fuel/air mixture is then injected into the primary combustion chamber, such as the combustion zone of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, or similar combustion chamber of other types of fuel-burning apparatus. The first fuel/air mixture is ignited with a stream of hot ionized gas that is jetted into the primary combustion chamber from a precombustion or plasma-generating chamber. The plasma-generating chamber is in close proximity to the primary combustion chamber, with a plasma guide or discharge tunnel connecting the two. A fuel line connects a source of pressurized fuel to the plasma-generating chamber. Interposed in this fuel line are a backflow restrictor and a fuel vaporizor, thereby ensuring that only vaporized fuel passes into (and not out of) the plasma-generating chamber through the fuel line.

Abstract translation: 一种改进的点火器和点火方法，用于点燃可用于对各种类型的发动机供电的各种燃料，或用于需要燃料有效燃烧的其它应用。 要燃烧的燃料与空气混合以形成相对较稀的第一燃料/空气混合物。 然后将该第一燃料/空气混合物注入主燃烧室，例如内燃机的汽缸的燃烧区或其他类型的燃料燃烧装置的类似的燃烧室。 第一燃料/空气混合物用来自预燃或等离子体产生室的热离子化气体流被点燃到主燃烧室中。 等离子体产生室紧邻主燃烧室，其中等离子体引导或排放通道连接两者。 燃料管线将加压燃料源连接到等离子体产生室。 在该燃料管路中设置有回流限制器和燃料蒸发器，从而确保只有蒸发的燃料通过燃料管路进入（而不是离开）等离子体发生室。

公开(公告)号：US4197787A

公开(公告)日：1980-04-15

申请号：US828569

申请日：1977-08-29

Applicant: William E. Schneider

Inventor： William E. Schneider

IPC: F04B53/14 ,  F04B53/16 ,  F16J1/10

CPC classification number: F04B53/144 ,  F04B53/14 ,  F04B53/147 ,  F04B53/166 ,  F16J1/10 ,  F05C2201/046 ,  F05C2201/0466 ,  F05C2201/0478 ,  F05C2203/08 ,  F05C2253/12 ,  Y10T403/32861

Abstract: The invention is a new linkage for connecting the piston and the piston actuator in a high pressure pump. All of the compression forces transmitted from the piston actuator to the piston by this linkage will be axial forces parallel to the axis of the piston since the linkage will not transmit forces to the piston which are transverse to its axis. This linkage allows the use of hard brittle materials such as ceramic materials in the piston because any misalignment between the axises of the piston actuator and the piston will not result in bending forces being applied to the piston which would cause it to break.

Abstract translation: 本发明是用于在高压泵中连接活塞和活塞致动器的新连接件。 通过该连杆从活塞致动器传递到活塞的所有压缩力将是平行于活塞的轴线的轴向力，因为连杆不会将力传递到横向于其轴线的活塞。 该连接允许在活塞中使用诸如陶瓷材料的硬脆性材料，因为活塞致动器的轴线和活塞之间的任何未对准不会导致施加到活塞上的弯曲力，这将导致其破裂。

公开(公告)号：US4175533A

公开(公告)日：1979-11-27

申请号：US848759

申请日：1977-11-04

Applicant: Kenji Goto ,  Masato Yokota ,  Hideo Kobayashi

Inventor： Kenji Goto ,  Masato Yokota ,  Hideo Kobayashi

IPC: F02B1/04 ,  F02B19/12 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02M25/07 ,  F02B23/00

CPC classification number: F02F3/00 ,  F02B19/12 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02F2200/06 ,  F05C2201/046 ,  Y02T10/125

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal combustion engine comprising a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber which are interconnected to each other via a connecting passage. The opening of the connecting passage is arranged to be directed to the central portion of the piston when the piston reaches the top dead center. The combustible mixture in the auxiliary combustion chamber is ignited. As a result, a burning jet is injected into the main combustion chamber. An additional auxiliary combustion chamber having no spark plug therein is formed in the piston. The additional auxiliary combustion chamber opens onto the central portion of the top face of the piston. The combustible mixture in the additional auxiliary combustion chamber is ignited into an explosion by the burning jet injected from the connecting passage.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种内燃机，其包括通过连接通道彼此互连的主燃烧室和辅助燃烧室。 连接通道的开口被布置成当活塞到达上止点时被引导到活塞的中心部分。 辅助燃烧室中的可燃混合物被点燃。 结果，将燃烧的喷射流注入主燃烧室。 在活塞中形成有不具有火花塞的附加辅助燃烧室。 附加辅助燃烧室通向活塞顶面的中心部分。 附加辅助燃烧室中的可燃混合物通过从连接通道喷射的燃烧喷嘴而被点燃成爆炸。

公开(公告)号：US3980057A

公开(公告)日：1976-09-14

申请号：US550632

申请日：1975-02-18

Applicant: Shougo Sanda ,  Norihiko Nakamura

Inventor： Shougo Sanda ,  Norihiko Nakamura

IPC: F02P13/00 ,  F02B19/12 ,  F02B23/00

CPC classification number: F02B19/12 ,  F05C2201/046 ,  Y02T10/125

Abstract: A torch ignition type internal combustion engine with no intake valve in the auxiliary combustion chamber, the engine comprising: a cylinder; a cylinder head; a reciprocating piston received snugly in said cylinder; a main combustion chamber defined between said cylinder head and an end face of said reciprocating piston and equipped with intake and exhaust valves to control intake and exhaust ports in the cylinder head; an auxiliary combustion chamber provided in the head of said cylinder; a passage interconnecting said main and auxiliary combustion chambers; and an ignition plug having sparking electrodes located in said passage; said auxiliary combustion chamber having a volume of a ratio within the range of 0.0106:1 to 0.0137:1 with respect to the volume of displacement of said piston and said passage having a cross-sectional area of a ratio within the range of 0.009:1 to 0.023:1 with respect to the cross-sectional area of said end face of said piston.

Abstract translation: 在辅助燃烧室中没有进气阀的火炬点火式内燃机，所述发动机包括：气缸; 气缸盖; 往复运动的活塞紧贴在所述气缸中; 主燃烧室限定在所述气缸盖和所述往复活塞的端面之间，并配备有进气门和排气门，以控制气缸盖中的进气和排气口; 辅助燃烧室，设置在所述气缸的头部; 连接所述主燃烧室和辅助燃烧室的通道; 以及火花塞，其具有位于所述通道中的火花电极; 所述辅助燃烧室相对于所述活塞和所述通道的排量为0.0106:1至0.0137:1，其比例在0.009:1范围内的横截面积的体积 相对于所述活塞的所述端面的横截面面积为0.023:1。