Abstract:
To avoid deposits on the restrictor that channels extractant into a collector (1901), a heated capillary tube (1900) pressure release restrictor has a thermally insulated outlet end in a collecting trap (1908) substantially colder than the capillary tube (1900). The restrictor is heated between the insulation (1906) and the capillary tube (1908) by Joulean heating. The solvent in the trap (1908) is at a pressure of 5 to 200 psi above atmospheric pressure. The thermal resistance of the insulation (1906) is selected to reduce the heat added to the extractant to a minimum, to keep the extractant from freezing, and to reduce partitioning of the extract and extractant. It has a thermal conductivity no greater than 60 BTU's per hour, per square foot, per inch for a one degree Fahrenheit difference.
Abstract:
An apparatus for supercritical fluid extraction incorporates a removable extraction cartridge which in operation has insignificant pressure difference between its inside and outside walls. Because of the low pressure difference, the extraction cartridge need not have the strength to withstand significant pressure and can be made out of molded plastic for disposable use as well as stainless steel and/or machined plastic for reusability. The extraction cartridge can be removed and opened for sample access without the use of tools. The outside of the cartridge can be purged after it is installed in a heated high pressure vessel to remove contamination from its exterior. In one embodiment, the extractor includes a fraction collector for extractants, an automatic sample changer and an automatic cartridge transfer mechanism which provide completely automated extractions.
Abstract:
Apparatus (10) for supercritical extraction including a source (12) of fluid at a pressure greater than the critical pressure of the said fluid; a heater (22) accepting fluid at a pressure greater than its critical pressure and heating the said fluid to a temperature greater than its critical temperature so that the said fluid becomes a supercritical fluid characterized by an openable extraction cartridge (26) having a fluid inlet passage (42), space (254) for the insertion of sample (134) and a fluid outlet passage adapted to pass supercritical fluid over or through the said sample contained within it, thereby accomplishing supercritical extraction of the sample said heating means including a recess (24) in which the cartridge (26) is placed during the said extraction, with the cartridge (26) being substantially enclosed as a result of its said placement in the recess.
Abstract:
An apparatus for supercritical fluid extraction incorporates a removable extraction cartridge (30) which in operation has insignificant pressure difference between its inside and outside walls. Because of the low pressure difference, the extraction cartridge (30) need not have the strength to withstand significant pressure and can be made out of molded plastic for disposable use as well as stainless steel and machined plastic for reusability. The extraction cartridge (30) can be removed and opened for sample access without the use of tools. The outside of the cartridge can be purged after it is installed in a heated high pressure vessel to remove contamination from its exterior.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Zylinderblock aus einer Metall-Legierung für eine Brennkraftmaschine, bei dem in eine jede Kolbenlaufbahn eine perforierte Hülse (16) aus einem verschleißbeständigen, einen höheren Schmelzpunkt aufweisenden Material eingegossen ist, die Laufflächenanteile bildet. Zur Erzielung einer gewichtsoptimierten, verschleißfesten Konstruktion ist die Hülse (16) aus einem dünnwandigen, durch Durchstellen perforiertem Blech hergestellt, wobei die Durchstellungen (18) eine von der Laufbahnkrümmung abweichende, Hinterschneidungen zum Grundmaterial bildende Ausrichtung haben und mit einer porösen, durch thermisches Metallspritzen aufgebrachten Schicht (30) versehen sind. Bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung des Zylinderblockes wird die perforierte Hülse mit einer thermischen Beschichtung versehen, in eine Gießform für den Zylinderblock eingelegt und justiert und anschließend die Hülse unmittelbar in den Zylinderblock eingegossen.
Abstract:
A multi-layer sliding part has a Cu-plated solid lubricant uniformly dispersed in the matrix of a sintered bronze powder. The sintered alloy layer is densified by pressing, and the surface of the bearing alloy layer is coated with a resin having sliding properties. In a method of manufacturing a multi-layer sliding part, a mixture of a bronze powder and a Cu-plated solid lubricant are initially sintered, and the initially sintered mass is pulverized. The pulverized powder is sintered on both sides of a backing plate. After sintering of the pulverized powder on both sides of the backing plate to form bearing alloy layers, the bearing alloy layers are pressed and densified. After densification, the bearing alloy layers are annealed, again pressed, and then coated with a resin having sliding properties.