Abstract:
The subject of the invention is a surge arrester, and especially a low- voltage surge arrester. The surge arrester is applicable in protecting AC and DC low-voltage networks against multiple lightning surges and switching overvoltage. The surge arrester is characterized in that it contains at least one oxide varistor (1) housed in an insulating casing (4), connection terminals (2) and (3) and a visual fault indicator (6) which is made of material that changes its state of aggregation at a temperature exceeding that defined as a safe operating temperature of the surge arrester.
Abstract:
The subject of the invention is a voltage transformer with improved metrological qualities applicable especially in medium voltage networks. The voltage transformer according to the invention has an air-gap (5) in the magnetic core (2) and a phase compensation circuit (6) connected in parallel to the terminals of the secondary winding (4) of the transformer which are used for connecting the inputs of a voltage measuring system (7).
Abstract:
The subject of the invention is a passive indicator of voltage presence used to indicate voltage in electrical conductors, electrically powered devices, power distribution devices and transmission lines of high, medium and low voltage. The indicator according to the invention is characterized in that it has form of a multilayer plate comprising two electrically conductive layers (2, 4) and an intermediate layer (3) of a structure manifesting electrooptical properties, located between them, wherein the intermediate layer is a display element of the indicator, while the conductive layers are electrodes of that display element and they are electrically connected by means of a diode (5), and one of the conductive layers is at least partially transparent. In one of variant embodiments of the indicator according to the invention, at least one of the conductive layers is divided into smaller conductive surfaces, separated from one another and being not in contact with each other, which adhere to the intermediate layer and are electrically connected with the other conductive layer or with its individual surfaces by means of diodes.
Abstract:
The subject of the invention is a device for suppressing very fast transients (1,1a, 1b), applicable in protecting electric and/or electric power equipment, and especially transformers operating in electric power substations and in wind power plants, connected in the supply network circuit downstream of the circuit breaker and upstream of the protected equipment. The device according to the invention is a component of an induction character (1, 1a, 1b), comprising a high-frequency magnetic core (2) arranged around the current-conducting lead (3). On the magnetic core (2) there is wound at least one winding (4, 4a) with at least one pair of terminals (6) used for connecting at least one damping resistor (7). The inventive device contains an insulating body (8) in which there is located a magnetic core (2) together with a damping resistor (7) and a winding (4, 4a) or contains an insulating body (8a) in which there is located a magnetic core (2) together with a damping resistor (7), a winding (4, 4a) and a section of a current-conducting lead (3).
Abstract:
The subject of the invention is a protection system for voltage transformers, finding application in the attenuation of ferroresonant states occurring in voltage transformers in high and medium voltage grids. The system according to the invention contains a ferroresonance detection circuit (3), connected to the terminals of the secondary winding of the voltage transformer (2) and in parallel with a damping circuit (4), containing a switching means (6) connected in series with a damping burden (7). The system according to the invention contains a control block (5) connected to the switching means (6), characterised by that the control block (5) contains a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) generator.
Abstract:
The subject of the invention is a protecting system for medium-voltage potential transformers, finding application in the attenuation of ferroresonant states occurring in at least one of three potential transformers in a three-phase medium-voltage network. The system according to the invention features an element with a threshold voltage and current characteristic (1) and a thermal fuse (2), which are connected in series between an attenuating resistor (R1) and the output of the auxiliary secondary winding of one of the single-phase transformers.
Abstract:
An electrically energised device for coalescing a first conductive fluid, emulsified in a second fluid, comprising a tube member (1), having at least one fluid inlet (2) and at least one fluid outlet (3). The tube member (1) defines a flow channel (4) for an emulsion of the first and second fluid from its inlet side to its outlet side and comprises at least one electrically insulating wall portion, and an interacting pair of a first and a second electrode (5, 6), separated from the first and second fluid by at least one insulating wall portion of the tube member (1). Said electrodes are supplied with a voltage for the purpose of subjecting the first and second fluid flowing through the flow channel to an electrostatic field. The device comprises at least one passive centre electrode (11), made of a conducting material, arranged in the channel (4) and electrically insulated from the first and second electrode (5, 6).
Abstract:
The subject of the invention is a method and a device for monitoring the parameters of the aqueous phase in water-in-oil emulsion wherein oil is in continuous phase and water is in dispersion phase in the form of droplets, applicable for the optimisation of the water-in-oil emulsion separation process. The method according to the invention consists in exposing the examined emulsion flowing through a test section of a pipe to an electromagnetic field in a microwave resonator and measuring the dielectric loss of the emulsion in one of the measuring systems and a second test section of the pipe is selected with the water-in-oil emulsion flowing through the pipe, which is exposed to an electromagnetic field of a frequency markedly lower than the microwave radiation frequency, and the dielectric loss of the emulsion is measured in the second measuring system. The results of the measurements are transmitted to a computer control device wherein the results of the measurements obtained simultaneously in both measuring systems are compared. The device according to the invention is characterised by having two resonant measuring systems / A/ and / B / coupled with one another by means of a computer control device / C /, and one of the resonant measuring systems / A/ has an electromagnetic radiation generator / 2 / of microwave frequencies, while the .'other resonant measuring system / B / has an electromagnetic radiation generator / 7 / of a frequency markedly lower than the microwave radiation frequency.
Abstract translation:本发明的主题是一种用于监测油包水乳液中的水相参数的方法和装置,其中油处于连续相中,并且水以液滴的形式处于分散相,适用于优化 油包水乳液分离工艺。 根据本发明的方法包括将流经管道测试部分的检查乳液暴露于微波谐振器中的电磁场,并测量其中一个测量系统中的乳液的介电损耗和管道的第二测试部分 被流经管道的油包水乳液选出,其暴露于明显低于微波辐射频率的频率的电磁场,并且在第二测量系统中测量乳液的介电损耗。 将测量结果传送到计算机控制装置,其中在两个测量系统中同时获得的测量结果进行比较。 根据本发明的装置的特征在于具有两个谐振测量系统/ A /和/或B /通过计算机控制装置/ 并且其中一个谐振测量系统/ A /具有微波频率的电磁辐射发生器/ 2/2,而另一谐振测量 系统/ B /具有明显低于微波辐射频率的频率的电磁辐射发生器/ 7 /。
Abstract:
1. The system for quantitative analysis of a mixture of components with different dielectric properties by the method of measuring electric conductance of the examined object. It consists of a measuring sensor, in the form of a resonant circuit, coupled with the system for generating electromagnetic field and with the receiving system. Characterized in that: The resonant circuit (4) consists of a single-turn coil connected directly to a capacitor, located directly in the slit of the coil wall. The system for generating electromagnetic field consists of the generator (1) of short impulses with constant amplitude and frequency. The input coupling circuit and the output coupling circuit of the resonant circuit are constituted by inductive loops (2, 3), which connect the resonant circuit to the impulse generator (1) and the receiving system. The latter should preferably contain an analogue-to-digital converter, connected to the control system (8), which is also connected to the impulse generator (1). The latter should preferably contain an analogue-to-digital converter, connected to the control system (8), which is also connected to the impulse generator (1).