Abstract:
A method for determining overlay error includes measuring asymmetry of radiation reflected from each of a plurality of targets on a substrate. The plurality of targets include a predetermined overlay offset. The method also includes comparing the measured asymmetry of the radiation reflected from each of the plurality of targets to the corresponding predetermined overlay offset of the respective target. Additionally, the method includes determining the overlay error of a point on the substrate as a function of measured asymmetry reflected from the point. The function is determined by fitting a polynomial or a Fourier series to a comparison of the measured asymmetry of the radiation reflected from each of the plurality of targets to the corresponding predetermined overlay offset of the respective target. The function limits an effect of linearity error.
Abstract:
A second set of superimposed gratings are superposed over a first set of superimposed gratings. The second set of gratings have a different periodicity from the first set of gratings or a different orientation. Consequently the first order diffraction pattern from the second set of superimposed gratings can be distinguished from the first order diffraction pattern from the first set of superimposed gratings.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for obtaining a computationally determined interference electric field describing scattering of radiation by a pair of structures comprising a first structure and a second structure on a substrate. The method comprises determining a first electric field relating to first radiation scattered by the first structure; determining a second electric field relating to second radiation scattered by the second structure; and computationally determining the interference of the first electric field and second electric field, to obtain a computationally determined interference electric field.
Abstract:
A target for determining a performance parameter of a lithographic process, the target comprising a first sub-target formed by at least two overlapping gratings, wherein the underlying grating of the first sub-target has a first pitch and the top lying grating of the first sub-target has a second pitch, at least a second sub-target formed by at least two overlapping gratings, wherein the underlying grating of the second sub-target has a third pitch and the top lying grating of the second sub-target has a fourth pitch.
Abstract:
A method includes projecting an illumination beam of radiation onto a metrology target on a substrate, detecting radiation reflected from the metrology target on the substrate, and determining a characteristic of a feature on the substrate based on the detected radiation, wherein a polarization state of the detected radiation is controllably selected to optimize a quality of the detected radiation.
Abstract:
A method of metrology target design is described. The method includes determining a sensitivity of a parameter of a metrology target design to a perturbation of a process parameter for forming, or measuring the formation of, the metrology target, and determining a robustness of the metrology target design based on the sum of the sensitivity multiplied by the perturbation of at least one of the process parameters.
Abstract:
A substrate has first and second target structures formed thereon by a lithographic process. Each target structure has two-dimensional periodic structure formed in a single material layer on a substrate using first and second lithographic steps, wherein, in the first target structure, features defined in the second lithographic step are displaced relative to features defined in the first lithographic step by a first bias amount that is close to one half of a spatial period of the features formed in the first lithographic step, and, in the second target structure, features defined in the second lithographic step are displaced relative to features defined in the first lithographic step by a second bias amount close to one half of said spatial period and different to the first bias amount. An angle-resolved scatter spectrum of the first target structure and an angle-resolved scatter spectrum of the second target structure is obtained, and a measurement of a parameter of a lithographic process is derived from the measurements using asymmetry found in the scatter spectra of the first and second target structures.
Abstract:
A method of measuring overlay uses a plurality of asymmetry measurements from locations (LOI) on a pair of sub-targets (1032, 1034) formed on a substrate (W). For each sub-target, the plurality of asymmetry measurements are fitted to at least one expected relationship (1502, 1504) between asymmetry and overlay, based on a known bias variation deigned into the sub-targets. Continuous bias variation in one example is provided by varying the pitch of top and bottom gratings (P1/P2). Bias variations between the sub-targets of the pair are equal and opposite (P2/P1). Overlay (OV) is calculated based on a relative shift (xs) between the fitted relationships for the two sub-targets. The step of fitting asymmetry measurements to at least one expected relationship includes wholly or partially discounting measurements (1506, 1508, 1510) that deviate from the expected relationship and/or fall outside a particular segment of the fitted relationship.
Abstract:
Overlay error of a lithographic process is measured using a plurality of target structures, each target structure having a known overlay bias. A detection system captures a plurality of images (740) representing selected portions of radiation diffracted by the target structures under a plurality of different capture conditions (λ1, λ2). Pixel values of the captured images are combined (748) to obtain one or more synthesized images (750). A plurality of synthesized diffraction signals are extracted (744) from the synthesized image or images, and used to calculate a measurement of overlay. The computational burden is reduced compared with extracting diffraction signals from the captured images individually. The captured images may be dark-field images or pupil images, obtained using a scatterometer.
Abstract:
A method, system and program for determining a position of a feature referenced to a substrate. The method includes measuring a position of the feature, receiving an intended placement of the feature and determining an estimate of a placement error based on knowledge of a relative position of a first reference feature referenced to a first layer on a substrate with respect to a second reference feature referenced to a second layer on a substrate. The updated position may be used to position the layer of the substrate having the feature, or another layer of the substrate, or another layer of another substrate.