Abstract:
A method of processing an alloy ingot or other alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may generally comprise depositing a glass material onto at least a portion of a surface of a workpiece, and heating the glass material to form a surface coating on the workpiece that reduces heat loss from the workpiece. The present disclosure also is directed to an alloy workpieces processed according to methods described herein, and to articles of manufacture including or made from alloy workpieces made according to the methods.
Abstract:
An apparatus for melting an electrically conductive metallic material includes a vacuum chamber and a hearth disposed in the vacuum chamber. At least one wire-discharge ion plasma electron emitter is disposed in or adjacent the vacuum chamber and is positioned to direct a wide-area field of electrons into the vacuum chamber, wherein the wide-area electron field has sufficient energy to heat the electrically conductive metallic material to its melting temperature. The apparatus may further include, at least one of a mold and an atomizing apparatus which is in communication with the vacuum chamber and is positioned to receive molten material from the hearth. Preferably, the pressure within the furnace chamber is maintained at more than 5,3 Pa to decrease evaporation of volatile elements.
Abstract:
Forge lubrication processes are disclosed. A solid lubricant sheet is placed between a workpiece and a die in a forging apparatus. Force is applied to the workpiece with the die to plastically deform the workpiece. The solid lubricant sheet decreases the shear friction factor for the forging system and reduces the incidence of die-locking.
Abstract:
A thermo-mechanical treatment process is disclosed. The process comprises a first heating step comprising heating a nickel-base alloy workpiece to a temperature greater than a M 23 C 6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy; a first working step comprising working the heated nickel-base alloy workpiece to a reduction in area of 20% to 70%, wherein the nickel-base alloy workpiece is at a temperature greater than a M 23 C 6 carbide solvus temperature when the first working step begins; a second heating step comprising heating the worked nickel-base alloy workpiece to a temperature in a range of 927°C (1700°F) to less than the M 23 C 6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy, wherein the as-worked nickel-base alloy workpiece is maintained at elevated temperature and not permitted to cool to ambient temperature between completion of the first working step and beginning of the second heating step; and a second working step comprising working the heated nickel-base alloy workpiece to a second reduction in area of 20% to 70%, wherein the nickel-base alloy workpiece is at a temperature greater than 927°C (1700°F) and less than the M 23 C 6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy when the second working step begins.
Abstract:
A method of processing an alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may comprise spraying a metallic coating material onto at least a portion of a surface of the alloy workpiece to form a surface coating metallurgically bonded to the alloy workpiece. The surface coating may be more ductile than the alloy workpiece and reduces heat loss from the alloy workpiece.
Abstract:
An austenitic alloy may generally comprise, in weight percentages based on total alloy weight: up to 0.2 carbon; up to 20 manganese; 0.1 to 1.0 silicon; 14.0 to 28.0 chromium; 15.0 to 38.0 nickel; 2.0 to 9.0 molybdenum; 0.1 to 3.0 copper; 0.08 to 0.9 nitrogen; 0.1 to 5.0 tungsten; 0.5 to 5.0 cobalt; up to 1.0 titanium; up to 0.05 boron; up to 0.05 phosphorous; up to 0.05 sulfur; iron; and incidental impurities.
Abstract:
A thermo-mechanical treatment process is disclosed. The process comprises a first heating step comprising heating a nickel-base alloy workpiece to a temperature greater than a M 23 C 6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy; a first working step comprising working the heated nickel-base alloy workpiece to a reduction in area of 20% to 70%, wherein the nickel-base alloy workpiece is at a temperature greater than a M 23 C 6 carbide solvus temperature when the first working step begins; a second heating step comprising heating the worked nickel-base alloy workpiece to a temperature in a range of 927°C (1700°F) to less than the M 23 C 6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy, wherein the as-worked nickel-base alloy workpiece is maintained at elevated temperature and not permitted to cool to ambient temperature between completion of the first working step and beginning of the second heating step; and a second working step comprising working the heated nickel-base alloy workpiece to a second reduction in area of 20% to 70%, wherein the nickel-base alloy workpiece is at a temperature greater than 927°C (1700°F) and less than the M 23 C 6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy when the second working step begins.
Abstract translation:公开了一种热机械处理方法。 该方法包括第一加热步骤,包括将镍基合金工件加热至大于镍基合金的M 23 C 6碳化物溶质温度的温度; 第一工作步骤包括将加热的镍基合金工件加工到20%至70%的面积减小,其中当第一工作时镍基合金工件的温度大于M 23 C 6碳化物溶质温度 一步开始 第二加热步骤,包括将经加工的镍基合金工件加热至927℃(1700°F)至低于镍基合金的M 23 C 6碳化物溶质温度的温度,其中, 加工的镍基合金工件保持在高温下,并且在第一工作步骤完成和第二加热步骤开始之间不允许冷却至环境温度; 以及第二工作步骤,包括将加热的镍基合金工件加工成20%至70%的第二次还原面积,其中镍基合金工件处于大于927℃(1700°F)以下的温度 比第二工作步骤开始时镍基合金的M 23 C 6碳化物溶质温度高。
Abstract:
Methods of refining the grain size of titanium and titanium alloys include thermally managed high strain rate multi-axis forging. A high strain rate adiabatically heats an internal region of the workpiece during forging, and a thermal management system is used to heat an external surface region to the workpiece forging temperature, while the internal region is allowed to cool to the workpiece forging temperature. A further method includes multiple upset and draw forging titanium or a titanium alloy using a strain rate less than is used in conventional open die forging of titanium and titanium alloys. Incremental workpiece rotation and draw forging causes severe plastic deformation and grain refinement in the titanium or titanium alloy forging.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus (201) that use electrostatic and/or electromagnetic fields (203) to enhance the process of spray forming preforms or powders (8). The present invention also describes methods and apparatus for atomization and heat transfer with non-equilibrium plasmas (24). The present invention is also directed to articles, particularly for use in gas turbine engines, produced by the methods of the invention.
Abstract:
A method of processing a metal alloy includes heating to a temperature in a working temperature range from a recrystallization temperature of the metal alloy to a temperature less than an incipient melting temperature of the metal alloy, and working the alloy. At least a surface region is heated to a temperature in the working temperature range. The surface region is maintained within the working temperature range for a period of time to recrystallize the surface region of the metal alloy, and the alloy is cooled so as to minimize grain growth. In embodiments including superaustenitic and austenitic stainless steel alloys, process temperatures and times are selected to avoid precipitation of deleterious intermetallic sigma-phase. A hot worked superaustenitic stainless steel alloy having equiaxed grains throughout the alloy is also disclosed.