Abstract:
The present invention relates to means and methods for producing an amide compound from a nitrile compound with less acrylic acid as by-product using a Nitrile hydratase (NHase) and Amidase producing microorganism as biocatalyst. Also provided is an aqueous amide compound obtained by the methods of the invention as well as a composition comprising acrylamide or polyacrylamide as well as a dried microorganism exhibiting a NHase/Amidase activity ratio of at least 400 when being brought into contact with a nitrile compound to convert said nitrile compound into an amide compound.
Abstract:
Beschrieben wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von funktionalisierten Polyisobutenen, bei dem man Isobuten oder ein Isobuten-haltiges Monomerengemisch in Gegenwart einer Lewis-Säure und eines Initiators polymerisiert und wobei die Polymerisation mit einem Gemisch aus einem Phenol und einer Lewissäure und/oder einer Brönstedsäure abgebrochen wird. Die terminalen Phenolgruppen können derivatisiert oder zu Cyclohexanolsystemen reduziert werden.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to means and methods for producing an amide compound from a nitrile compound with less acrylic acid as by-product using a Nitrile hydratase (NHase) and Amidase producing microorganism as biocatalyst. Also provided is an aqueous amide compound obtained by the methods of the invention as well as a composition comprising acrylamide or polyacrylamide as well as a dried microorganism exhibiting a NHase/Amidase activity ratio of at least 400 when being brought into contact with a nitrile compound to convert said nitrile compound into an amide compound.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing functionalized polyisobutylenes, wherein isobutylene or a monomer mixture containing isobutylene is polymerized in the presence of a Lewis acid and an initiator and wherein the polymerization is terminated by means of a mixture of a phenol and a Lewis acid and/or a Brønsted-Lowry acid. The terminal phenol groups can be derivatized, or reduced to cyclohexanol systems.
Abstract:
The presently claimed invention is directed to a method for the inhibition of the polymerization of a solution comprising acrylamide monomer comprising at least the steps of: i) detecting a first initiation point and a second initiation point, and ii) charging at least one polymerization inhibitor to the solution, when either one of the first initiation point and the second initiation point is met; wherein the first initiation point is an oxygen content of ≤ 1.0 ppm in the solution and the second initiation point is an increase in the relative viscosity of the solution in the range from + 1.0 % to 80 %.
Abstract:
A method for producing bifunctional polyisobutenes, according to which method isobutene or a monomer mixture containing isobutene is polymerized in the presence of a Lewis acid and a compound of formula (I), where X represents an acyl radical or the radical of an organic or inorganic acid group, R 1 to R 4 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods for preparing an aqueous acrylamide solution having a low acrylic acid concentration. In addition, the present invention relates to methods for reducing the acrylic acid concentration of an aqueous acrylamide solution. The methods involve a bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein during the bioconversion the content of acrylonitrile is maintained at 0.3 w/w % or more referred to the total weight of the composition in the reactor. Also provided is an aqueous acrylamide solution which is obtained by the methods of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention is related to an acrylamide homopolymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing the acrylamide of the aqueous solution.
Abstract:
Method for producing polymers by means of controlled radical polymerisation, wherein the polymerisation of one or several radically polymerisable monomers of general formula (I), where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 4 is C(=O)OR 5 , C(=O)NHR 15 , C(=O)NR 5 R 6 , OC(=O)CH 3 , C(=O)OH, CN, aryl, hetaryl, C(=O)OR 5 OH, C(=O)OR 5 Si(OR 5 ) 3 , halogen, NHC(O)H, P(=O)(OR 7 ) 2 , R 5 is C 1 -C 20 alkyl, R 15 is C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, R 6 is C 1 -C 20 alkyl, and R 7 is H, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, occurs in the presence of a. one or several catalysts containing Cu in the form of Cu(0), Cu(l), Cu (II) or mixtures thereof, b. one or several initiators selected from the group of organic halogenides or pseudohalogenides, c. one or several ligands, d. optionally one or several solvents, and e. optionally one or several inorganic halogenide salts, said method consisting of the following steps i) addition of the catalyst a., ii) optional addition of monomers of general formula (I), iii) optional addition of solvent d., iv) addition of ligand c., v) addition of initiator b., vi) addition of monomers of general formula (I), and vii) optional addition of inorganic halogenide salts e., on the proviso that the addition of at least some of the monomers of general formula (I) occurs immediately before or shortly after the last of the steps i), iv) and v).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing aqueous solutions of homo or copolymers of acrylic acid by means of radical polymerization of acrylic acid and optional water-soluble, monoethylene unsaturated comonomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one water-soluble initiator and at least one water-soluble regulator, wherein the polymerization is performed by means of a continuous process, and wherein low-molecular components are at least partially separated out of the aqueous polymer solution obtained after polymerization. Microstructured mixers and reactors are preferably used for the polymerization. At least one reactor and/or mixer having microstructures are preferably used for the process.