Abstract:
A two-fiber ring architecture capable of carrying multiple wavelength channels and allowing client self-healing of single point failures. The ring architecture includes a two-fiber optical ring carrying at least one wavelength channel, wherein the wavelength channel has working traffic and protection traffic. The optical ring can include a single ring, two interconnected rings, or multiple interconnected rings. Specifically, the ring architecture includes a first client networking element connected to the optical ring by a first pair of 2x2 add drop matrices and a second client networking element connected to the optical ring by a second pair of 2x2 add drop matrices. At least one interconnect node is also provided when more than one ring is used, wherein the interconnect node has a first 2x2 interconnect matrix and a second 2x2 interconnect matrix. The first 2x2 interconnect matrix routes the working traffic from the first client networking element to the second client networking element. Similarly, the second 2x2 interconnect matrix routes the protection traffic from the second client networking element to the first client networking element. The optical ring includes a first access ring, an inter-office (IOF) ring, and a second access ring. Access rings are connected to the IOF ring by the aforementioned interconnect nodes.
Abstract:
A two-fiber ring architecture capable of carrying multiple wavelength channe ls and allowing client self-healing of single point failures. The ring architecture includes a two-fiber optical ring carrying at least one wavelength channel, wherein the wavelength channel has working traffic and protection traffic. The optical ring can include a single ring, two interconnected rings, or multiple interconnected rings. Specifically, the ri ng architecture includes a first client networking element connected to the optical ring by a first pair of 2X2 add drop matrices and a second client networking element connected to the optical ring by a second pair of 2X2 add drop matrices. At least one interconnect node is also provided when more tha n one ring is used, wherein the interconnect node has a first 2X2 interconnect matrix and a second 2X2 interconnect matrix. The first 2X2 interconnect matr ix routes the working traffic from the first client networking element to the second client networking element. Similarly, the second 2X2 interconnect matrix routes the protection traffic from the second client networking eleme nt to the first client networking element. The optical ring includes a first access ring, an inter-office (IOF) ring, and a second access ring. Access rings are connected to the IOF ring bythe aforementioned interconnect nodes.
Abstract:
A package for an electrochemical double layer capacitor comprises a housing defining an interior volume, the housing having an end wall, side walls, and an end cap configured to sealably engage with the side walls to enclose the interior volume, wherein the interior volume has a height (hcan) and a diameter (dcan) such that an aspect ratio defined as hcan/dcan is in a range of 3.1 to 15. An electrode set adapted to be incorporated into the package can have an aspect ratio in a range of 3.1 to 15.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a protection switch (10) for use in a node of a two-fiber optical shared protection ring. The two-fiber optical shared protection ring propagates at least one bi-directional channel. The switch includes an N x N optical switch fabric system disposed in the node. The N x N optical switch fabric (20) includes 2N input/output (I/O) ports, wherein N is four, or an integer multiple of four. Each optical switch fabric (20) is configured to switch at least one bi-directional channel. At least N three-port optical devices (40, 42, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54) are coupled to N of the I/O ports. Each three-port optical device (40, 42, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54) includes a bi-directional port coupled to an I/O port. The bi-directional port is configured to propagate the at least one bi-directional channel.
Abstract:
A wavelength selective optical cross-connect includes a first demultiplexor feeding into individually removable modules that in turn feed a first multiplexor, such that the cross-connect is expandable and repairable on a wavelength or waveband basis. The modules desirably include multiple optical components in the optical path, with components in each module matched to others in that module to provide module-to-module variation below that of the variation in module components. The modules desirably include an additional demultiplexor and multiplexor. The modules also desirably include wavelength or narrowband amplification together with power equalization. The modules may also include a switch fabric. Alternatively, the switch fabric may be provided in the form of a separate removable switch module or modules, with various technologies employed in various switch modules, including manual switching with automatic connection discovery, with simple plug-in upgradeability to modules having automatic or remotely actuated switching.