公开(公告)号：US06377721B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-23

申请号：US09260963

申请日：1999-03-02

Applicant: David R. Walt ,  Laura C. Taylor

Inventor： David R. Walt ,  Laura C. Taylor

IPC: G02B600

CPC classification number: B01L3/5085 ,  B01J2219/00317 ,  B01J2219/005 ,  B01J2219/00511 ,  B01J2219/00524 ,  B01J2219/00585 ,  B01J2219/00596 ,  B01J2219/00605 ,  B01J2219/00612 ,  B01J2219/00621 ,  B01J2219/00626 ,  B01J2219/00628 ,  B01J2219/0063 ,  B01J2219/00637 ,  B01J2219/00648 ,  B01J2219/00659 ,  B01J2219/00704 ,  B01L2200/0668 ,  B01L2300/0654 ,  B01L2300/0819 ,  G01N21/253 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  Y10S385/901 ,  Y10S435/808 ,  Y10S436/80 ,  Y10S436/805

Abstract: A biosensor, sensor array, sensing method and sensing apparatus are provided in which individual cells or randomly mixed populations of cells, having unique response characteristics to chemical and biological materials, are deployed in a plurality of discrete sites on a substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the discrete sites comprise microwells formed at the distal end of individual fibers within a fiber optic array. The biosensor array utilizes an optically interrogatable encoding scheme for determining the identity and location of each cell type in the array and provides for simultaneous measurements of large numbers of individual cell responses to target analytes. The sensing method utilizes the unique ability of cell populations to respond to biologically significant compounds in a characteristic and detectable manner. The biosensor array and measurement method may be employed in the study of biologically active materials, in situ environmental monitoring, monitoring of a variety of bioprocesses, and for high throughput screening of large combinatorial chemical libraries.

Abstract translation: 提供了生物传感器，传感器阵列，感测方法和感测装置，其中对化学和生物材料具有独特响应特性的单个细胞或随机混合的细胞群体部署在基底上的多个离散位置。 在优选实施例中，离散位置包括在光纤阵列内的各个纤维的远端处形成的微孔。 生物传感器阵列利用光学询问编码方案来确定阵列中每种细胞类型的身份和位置，并提供对目标分析物的大量单个细胞反应的同时测量。 感测方法利用细胞群体以特征和可检测方式对生物学重要化合物的独特能力。 生物传感器阵列和测量方法可用于生物活性材料的研究，原位环境监测，各种生物处理的监测以及大量组合化学文库的高通量筛选。

公开(公告)号：US5480723A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-02

申请号：US243961

申请日：1994-05-17

Applicant: Stanley M. Klainer ,  David R. Walt ,  Amos J. Gottlieb

Inventor： Stanley M. Klainer ,  David R. Walt ,  Amos J. Gottlieb

IPC: C09K11/06 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/77 ,  G01N21/81 ,  G01N33/552 ,  B32B17/10

CPC classification number: C09K11/06 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N21/7703 ,  G01N33/552 ,  G01N2021/6432 ,  G01N2021/6484 ,  G01N2021/772 ,  G01N21/81 ,  Y10T428/31645 ,  Y10T428/31855

Abstract: A fiber optic sensing device for measuring a chemical or physiological parameter of a body fluid or tissue is provided. To one end of the fiber is attached a polymer including a plurality of photoactive moieties selected from the group consisting of chromophores and lumophores, the photoactive moieties spaced apart so as to minimize chemical or physical interaction therebetween while optimizing the density of photoactive moieties. In one embodiment, a polymer chain is covalently bound to photoactive moieties through functional groups such as esters, amides, or the like. In a second embodiment, a polymer chain is inherently fluorescent and is formed from at least one monomeric unit. These devices are particularly useful as pH and oxygen sensors.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于测量体液或组织的化学或生理参数的光纤感测装置。 纤维的一端连接聚合物，该聚合物包括选自发色团和间隙基团的多个光活性部分，间隔开的光活性部分，以使其间的化学或物理相互作用最小化，同时优化光活性部分的密度。 在一个实施方案中，聚合物链通过官能团如酯，酰胺等与光活性部分共价结合。 在第二个实施方案中，聚合物链固有地是荧光的并且由至少一个单体单元形成。 这些装置特别适用于pH和氧传感器。

公开(公告)号：US5244813A

公开(公告)日：1993-09-14

申请号：US870949

申请日：1992-04-20

Applicant: David R. Walt ,  Steven M. Bernard

Inventor： David R. Walt ,  Steven M. Bernard

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/77 ,  G01N21/78

CPC classification number: G01N21/7703 ,  G01N2021/6434 ,  G01N2021/773 ,  G01N2021/7793

Abstract: The present invention provides fiber optic sensors, apparatus, methods of optical detection, and methods of sensor manufacture for detection of organic analytes having a fixed polarity. The sensor requires an optical fiber strand; an immobilized polarity-sensitive dye; and an immobilized polymeric material which not only contains the polarity-sensitive dye but also absorbs and partitions the organic analyte of interest.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供光纤传感器，装置，光学检测方法以及用于检测具有固定极性的有机分析物的传感器制造方法。 传感器需要光纤线束; 固定极性敏感染料; 和固定的聚合物材料，其不仅含有极性敏感的染料，而且还吸收和分隔感兴趣的有机分析物。

公开(公告)号：US5244636A

公开(公告)日：1993-09-14

申请号：US645787

申请日：1991-01-25

Applicant: David R. Walt ,  Steven M. Barnard

Inventor： David R. Walt ,  Steven M. Barnard

IPC: G01N21/77 ,  G02B6/06 ,  G02B6/36

CPC classification number: G01N21/6456 ,  G01N21/7703 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  G02B6/06 ,  G01N2021/6434 ,  G01N2021/773 ,  G01N2021/7786 ,  G01N2021/7793 ,  G02B6/3624 ,  G02B6/3644 ,  G02B6/3652 ,  G02B6/3672

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique fiber optic sensor which is able to conduct multiple assays and analysis concurrently using a plurality of different dyes immobilized at individual spatial positions on the surface of the sensor. The present invention also provides apparatus for making precise optical determinations and measurements for multiple analytes of interest concurrently and provides methods of detection for multiple analytes of interest which can be correlated with specific parameters or other ligands for specific applications and purposes.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种独特的光纤传感器，其能够使用固定在传感器表面上的各个空间位置的多种不同染料同时进行多个测定和分析。 本发明还提供用于同时进行多个感兴趣分析物的精确光学测定和测量的装置，并且提供可以针对特定应用和目的与特定参数或其它配体相关联的多个感兴趣分析物的检测方法。

公开(公告)号：US4822746A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-18

申请号：US878128

申请日：1986-06-25

Applicant: David R. Walt

Inventor： David R. Walt

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/77 ,  G01N33/58 ,  G01N33/544 ,  G01N21/76 ,  G02B6/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/582 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N2021/6434 ,  G01N2021/6441 ,  G01N2021/7793 ,  G01N21/7703 ,  Y10S435/808 ,  Y10S436/80 ,  Y10S436/805 ,  Y10T436/13

Abstract: A variety of methods and apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample is provided which relies upon the interaction of a fluorophore and a chromophoric light absorbing compound for qualitative and quantitative results. The methods preferably employ fiber optic sensors in combination with fluorophores and/or proto-absorber substances in mobile and immobilized modes of use. The methods and apparatus rely upon the ability of the light absorbing compositions to absorb energy which is transferred either radiatively or non-radiatively by the fluorophore when in an excited state.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于检测流体样品中感兴趣分析物的各种方法和装置，其依赖于荧光团和发色光吸收化合物的相互作用用于定性和定量结果。 该方法优选采用光纤传感器与移动和固定使用模式中的荧光团和/或原吸收物质组合。 所述方法和装置依赖于吸光组合物在处于激发状态时吸收由荧光团辐射或非辐射转移的能量的能力。

公开(公告)号：US09482662B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-01

申请号：US13530979

申请日：2012-06-22

Applicant: David C. Duffy ,  David M. Rissin ,  David R. Walt ,  David Fournier ,  Cheuk Kan

Inventor： David C. Duffy ,  David M. Rissin ,  David R. Walt ,  David Fournier ,  Cheuk Kan

IPC: G01N33/543

CPC classification number: G01N33/54393 ,  G01N33/54306 ,  G01N33/54313

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for detecting analyte molecules or particles in a fluid sample and in some cases, determining a measure of the concentration of the molecules or particles in the fluid sample. Methods of the present invention may comprise immobilizing a plurality of analyte molecules or particles with respect to a plurality of capture objects. At least a portion of the plurality of capture objects may be spatially separated into a plurality of locations. A measure of the concentration of analyte molecules in a fluid sample may be determined, at least in part, on the number of reaction vessels comprising an analyte molecule immobilized with respect to a capture object. In some cases, the assay may additionally comprise steps including binding ligands, precursor labeling agents, and/or enzymatic components.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于检测流体样品中的分析物分子或颗粒的系统和方法，并且在某些情况下，确定流体样品中分子或颗粒的浓度的量度。 本发明的方法可以包括相对于多个捕获物体固定多个分析物分子或颗粒。 多个捕获对象的至少一部分可以在空间上分离成多个位置。 可以至少部分地确定包含相对于捕获对象固定的分析物分子的反应容器的数量，来测量流体样品中分析物分子的浓度。 在一些情况下，该测定可另外包括包括结合配体，前体标记试剂和/或酶组分的步骤。

公开(公告)号：US09310360B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-12

申请号：US13531061

申请日：2012-06-22

Applicant: David C. Duffy ,  David M. Rissin ,  David R. Walt ,  David Fournier ,  Cheuk Kan

Inventor： David C. Duffy ,  David M. Rissin ,  David R. Walt ,  David Fournier ,  Cheuk Kan

IPC: C12Q1/00 ,  G01N33/543

CPC classification number: G01N33/54393 ,  G01N33/54306 ,  G01N33/54313

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for detecting analyte molecules or particles in a fluid sample and in some cases, determining a measure of the concentration of the molecules or particles in the fluid sample. Methods of the present invention may comprise immobilizing a plurality of analyte molecules or particles with respect to a plurality of capture objects. At least a portion of the plurality of capture objects may be spatially separated into a plurality of locations. A measure of the concentration of analyte molecules in a fluid sample may be determined, at least in part, on the number of reaction vessels comprising an analyte molecule immobilized with respect to a capture object. In some cases, the assay may additionally comprise steps including binding ligands, precursor labeling agents, and/or enzymatic components.

公开(公告)号：US08932869B2

公开(公告)日：2015-01-13

申请号：US12279899

申请日：2007-02-22

Applicant: David R. Walt ,  Sandra Bencic-Nagale

Inventor： David R. Walt ,  Sandra Bencic-Nagale

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  C07D311/82 ,  G01N33/00 ,  C07D219/06

CPC classification number: G01N33/0057 ,  C07D219/06 ,  G01N21/643 ,  Y10T436/16 ,  Y10T436/163333

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to the preparation of microbeads that exhibit a “turn on” fluorescence response within seconds of exposure to an analyte vapor (e.g., a chemical warfare agent or a reactive stimulant). This sensing approach is modeled after the mechanism for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity, and utilizes a specific and irreversible reaction between phosphonyl halides and a fluorescent indicator. The present invention also relates to a sensor and a method for sensing an analyte through detection of changes in the fluorescing properties of the inventive microbeads.

Abstract translation: 本发明的某些实施方案涉及在暴露于分析物蒸汽（例如化学战剂或反应兴奋剂）的几秒钟内显示出“开启”荧光响应的微珠的制备。 该感测方法在抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的机制之后被建模，并利用膦酰卤与荧光指示剂之间的特异性和不可逆反应。 本发明还涉及通过检测本发明微珠的荧光特性变化来检测分析物的传感器和方法。

公开(公告)号：US08030094B2

公开(公告)日：2011-10-04

申请号：US12834422

申请日：2010-07-12

Applicant: David R. Walt ,  Todd A. Dickinson

Inventor： David R. Walt ,  Todd A. Dickinson

IPC: G01N33/543 ,  G01N21/00 ,  G01N21/75

CPC classification number: C12Q1/682 ,  B01J2219/00317 ,  B01J2219/0045 ,  B01J2219/00466 ,  B01J2219/005 ,  B01J2219/00524 ,  B01J2219/00585 ,  B01J2219/00648 ,  B01J2219/00659 ,  C12Q1/6834 ,  C40B60/14 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N21/6452 ,  G01N21/7703 ,  G01N33/0031 ,  G01N33/54313 ,  G01N2201/0846 ,  Y10T436/101666 ,  Y10T436/109163

Abstract: A microsphere-based analytic chemistry system is disclosed in which self-encoding microspheres having distinct characteristic optical response signatures to specific target analytes may be mixed together while the ability is retained to identify the sensor type and location of each sensor in a random dispersion of large numbers of such sensors in a sensor array using an optically interrogatable encoding scheme. An optical fiber bundle sensor is also disclosed in which individual microsphere sensors are disposed in microwells at a distal end of the fiber bundle and are optically coupled to discrete fibers or groups of fibers within the bundle. The identities of the individual sensors in the array are self-encoded by exposing the array to a reference analyte while illuminating the array with excitation light energy. A single sensor array may carry thousands of discrete sensing elements whose combined signal provides for substantial improvements in sensor detection limits, response times and signal-to-noise ratios.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种基于微球的分析化学系统，其中具有针对特定目标分析物的不同特征光学响应特征的自编码微球可以混合在一起，同时保留能力以识别大尺度随机色散中的每个传感器的传感器类型和位置 使用光学可询问编码方案的传感器阵列中的这种传感器的数量。 还公开了一种光纤束传感器，其中单个微球传感器设置在纤维束的远端处的微孔中，并且光束耦合到束内的离散纤维或纤维组。 阵列中各个传感器的身份通过将阵列暴露于参考分析物而进行自编​​码，同时用激发光能照射阵列。 单个传感器阵列可携带数千个离散感测元件，其组合信号提供传感器检测限，响应时间和信噪比方面的实质性改进。

公开(公告)号：US20100256465A1

公开(公告)日：2010-10-07

申请号：US12716229

申请日：2010-03-02

Applicant: Howard Bernstein ,  Donald E. Chickering, III ,  Douglas A. Levinson ,  David R. Walt ,  Shawn Davis ,  Ramin Haghgooie ,  Robert S. Langer ,  Timothy M. Blicharz

Inventor： Howard Bernstein ,  Donald E. Chickering, III ,  Douglas A. Levinson ,  David R. Walt ,  Shawn Davis ,  Ramin Haghgooie ,  Robert S. Langer ,  Timothy M. Blicharz

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/145 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/150099 ,  A61B5/0013 ,  A61B5/0022 ,  A61B5/0077 ,  A61B5/1438 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14539 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1459 ,  A61B5/14865 ,  A61B5/150022 ,  A61B5/150221 ,  A61B5/150358 ,  A61B5/150389 ,  A61B5/150412 ,  A61B5/150442 ,  A61B5/150503 ,  A61B5/150969 ,  A61B5/150984 ,  A61B5/151 ,  A61B5/15125 ,  A61B5/157 ,  A61B5/411 ,  A61B5/4839 ,  A61B5/4845 ,  A61B5/486 ,  A61B5/685 ,  A61B5/6898 ,  A61B5/743

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to devices and techniques associated with diagnostics, therapies, and other applications, including skin-associated applications, for example, devices for delivering and/or withdrawing fluid from subjects, e.g., through the skin. In some embodiments, the device includes a system for accessing an extractable medium from and/or through the skin of the subject at an access site, and a pressure regulator supported by a support structure, able to create a pressure differential across the skin at least a portion of the access site. The device may also include, in some cases, a sensor supported by the support structure for determining at least one condition of the extractable medium from the subject, and optionally a signal generator supported by the support structure for generating a signal relating to the condition of the medium determined by the sensor.

Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及与诊断，治疗和其它应用相关联的装置和技术，包括皮肤相关应用，例如用于递送和/或从主体（例如通过皮肤）排出流体的装置。 在一些实施例中，所述装置包括用于在进入位置从所述受试者的皮肤和/或穿过所述受试者的皮肤接入可提取介质的系统，以及由支撑结构支撑的压力调节器，所述压力调节器能够至少在所述皮肤上形成压差 访问站点的一部分。 在一些情况下，该装置还可以包括由支撑结构支持的传感器，用于确定来自主体的可提取介质的至少一个状况，以及可选地由支撑结构支撑的信号发生器，用于产生与 介质由传感器确定。