Abstract:
The invention relates to the inhibition of (poly)phosphate scale in aqueous systems involving the use of at least one copolymer comprising the following monomers in polymerized form:-
(I) 50-08% by weight of one or more weak acids; (II) 2-50% by weight of one or more strong acids; (III) 0-30% by weight of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acids; and (IV) 0-30% by weight of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers polymerizable with (I), (II) and (III); wherein the total of monomers (I), (II), (III) and (IV) equals 100% by weight of copolymer. The invention is particularly suited to the inhibition of (poly)phosphate scale which occurs as a result of using low phosphate (STPP) containing detergent formulations.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an efficient aqueous polymerization process of 6 hours or less for preparing water soluble polymer products formed from 50 to 100 weight percent of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomers and 0 to 50 weight percent of one or more optional other water soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers. In this process, 1) an aqueous reaction mixture of dicarboxylic acid monomer is formed, 2) from about 0.9 to about 2.1 equivalent moles of base are added to the reaction mixture per mole dicarboxylic acid monomer, 3) at least one metal promoter is added to the reaction mixture, 4) one or more initiators and optional other water soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomer are fed to the reaction mixture, 5) the weight percent reaction solids during the polymerization is between about 40 and about 65 weight percent, and 6) the reaction temperature is maintained at about 80 °C to about 140°C. The polymer product produced by the process of the present invention is useful as an additive in detergents, cleaning formulations, and water circulating systems.
Abstract:
A process for efficiently utilizing hypophosphorous acid or salts thereof as a chain transfer agent is provided wherein the polymerization is conducted to a final polymer solids level of at least about 50 percent by weight. The polymers produced are useful as dispersants for paint formulations, additives for laundry and machine dishwashing detergents, mineral dispersants, dispersants for kaolin clay slurries and scale inhibitors, dispersants and corrosion inhibitors for water treatment and oil production.
Abstract:
The present invention provides water-soluble polymers containing, as polymerized units: (a) from about 3 to about 95 percent by weight of one or more cyclohexene anhydrides or the alkali metal or ammonium salts thereof. The present further provides aqueous polymerization processes for making the polymers. The water-soluble polymers are useful as water-treatment additives for boiler waters and cooling towers and as detergent additives acting as builders, anti-filming agents, dispersants, sequestering agents and encrustation inhibitors.
Abstract:
The invention provides table aqueous thermosetting binder compositions having a total solids content of 15 wt.% or higher, preferably, 20 wt.% or higher, and having extended shelf life comprising one or more reducing sugar, one or more primary amine compound, and one or more stabilizer acid or salt having a pKa of 8.5 or less. The total amount of stabilizer used may range from 5 to 200 mole%, based on the total moles of primary amine present in the binder. The stabilizer may be an organic stabilizer chosen from a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid , a C 12 to C 36 fatty acid, an acid functional C 12 to C 36 fatty acid ester, an acid functional C 12 to C 36 fatty acid ether, or an inorganic stabilizer chosen from a mineral acid, a mineral acid amine salt, a mineral acid ammonia salt, and a Lewis acid, and mixtures thereof. The compositions can be used to provide binders which are water resistant and to make articles from substrate materials including, for example, glass, glass fiber, wood, or woody materials.