Abstract:
A process for increasing the yield of lower boiling hydrocarbons from heavy hydrocarbon fractions by oxidizing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction using for example air followed by subjecting the oxidized heavy hydrocarbon fraction to both a pyrolysis step and hydrocracking step.
Abstract:
A sulfur-containing oil is initially preoxidized with an oxidant, such as, an organic peroxide, an organic hydroperoxide, air or an organic peracid in the presence of a Group IV-B, Group V-B or VI-B metal catalyst, water is then added to the preoxidized oil and desulfurization is carried out with sodium oxide, potassium oxide or calcium oxide catalyst on an alumina support. Water is added to the oil prior to desulfurization at a concentration ranging from 1 to 20 percent by weight.
Abstract:
Compositions which exhibit improved oxidation resistance and process for producing such compositions prepared by treating an oxidized hydrocarbon material with hydrogen sulfide. The preferred oxidized hydrocarbon material is an oxidized mineral oil which has been oxidized with oxygen, preferred air.
Abstract:
A hydrocracking process for the substantially complete hydrocracking of a heavy hydrocarbon charge stock by introducing a heavy hydrocarbon charge stock into a catalyst zone comprising a first catalyst zone below and a second catalyst zone above the point of entry of the charge stock, in the presence of hydrogen which is introduced in countercurrent relationship to said charge stock in first catalyst zone and maintained at a rate sufficient to provide for lower boiling liquid contact of the second catalyst zone followed by recycling the remaining hydrocarbon material from the first catalyst zone to the charge stock.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS BIOLOGICAL WASTES AND/OR OTHER LIQUIDS CONTAINING POLLUTIONAL MATERIALS TO PRODUCE AN EFFLUENT HAVING A LOW COD (BOD) AND A SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED CONCENTRATION OF SOLBULE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS WHEREIN A WASTE WATER STREAM IS FED TO A COKING ZONE AND HEATED TO A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 400 TO 700*F. UNDER SUFFICIENT PRESSURE TO PREVENT THE VAPORIZATION OF WATER TO FORM COKE, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT OXYGENATED, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHICH ARE SEPARATED FROM THE TREATED SEWAGE AQUEOUS EFFLUENT; THIS EFFLUENT IS OXIDIZED WITH AIR AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE ABOUT 450*F. UNDER SUFFICIENT PRESCARBON DIOXIDE OR THE OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OR BOTH ARE INTRODUCED AT SELECTED POINTS IN THE WASTE WATER STREAM TO STIMULATE THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS WHICH CONSUME SOLUBLE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, WHICH MICOORGANISMS ARE THEN SENT ON TO THE COKING ZONE FOR COKING. BY THUS STIMULATING BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES WHICH CONSUME NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS THERE IS PRODUCED AN EFFLUENT WHICH CAN BE DISCHARGED INTO BODIES OF WATER WITHOUT CAUSING EUTROPHICATION OF THE WATERS.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR RECOVERING HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN CONTAINING GASES, ESPECIALLY REFINERY GASES CONTAINING HYDROGEN AT A CONCENTRATION GREATER THAN 20 VOLUME PERCENT, BY INTRODUCING A HYDROGEN EXTRACTING AROMATIC HYDROCARBON INTO A HYDROGENATION CATALYST ZONE AT A POINT INTERMEDIATE IN SAID CATALYST ZONE, IN THE PRESENCE OF A HYDROGEN CONTAINING GAS IN COUNTERCURRENT RELATIONSHIP TO SAID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, REMOVING A HYDROGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EFFIUENT FROM THE CATALYST ZONE, INTRODUCING SAID EFFLUENT INTO A DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST ZONE AT A POINT INTERMEDIATE IN SAID CATALYST ZONE IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ENRICHED HYDROGEN CONTAINING GAS IN COUNTERCURRENT RELATIONSHIP TO SAID EFFLUENT AND RECOVERING A HYDROGEN CONTAINING GAS OF AT LEAST ABOUT 90 VOLUME PERCENT HYDROGEN.