Abstract:
A method and apparatus for extracting the contents (39) of voids (13) and/or pores present in a semiconductor device to obtain information indicative of the nature of the voids and/or pores, e.g. to assist with metrology measurements. The method includes heating the semiconductor wafer to expel the contents of the voids and/or pores, collecting the expelled material (41) in a collector, and measuring a consequential change in mass of the semiconductor wafer (29) and/or the collector (37), to extract information indicative of the nature of the voids. This information may include information relating to the distribution of the voids and/or pores, and/or the sizes of the voids and/or pores, and/or the chemical contents of the voids and/or pores. The collector may include a condenser having a temperature-controlled surface (e.g. in thermal communication with a refrigeration unit) for condensing the expelled material.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for extracting the contents (39) of voids (13) and/or pores present in a semiconductor device to obtain information indicative of the nature of the voids and/or pores, e.g. to assist with metrology measurements. The method includes heating the semiconductor wafer to expel the contents of the voids and/or pores, collecting the expelled material (41) in a collector, and measuring a consequential change in mass of the semiconductor wafer (29) and/or the collector (37), to extract information indicative of the nature of the voids. This information may include information relating to the distribution of the voids and/or pores, and/or the sizes of the voids and/or pores, and/or the chemical contents of the voids and/or pores. The collector may include a condenser having a temperature-controlled surface (e.g. in thermal communication with a refrigeration unit) for condensing the expelled material.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device for determining and/or monitoring at least one process quantity of a medium (1), with at least one probe unit (3), and with at least one electronics unit (4) which applies an electrical excitation signal to the probe unit (3) and which receives an electrical measurement signal from the probe unit. The invention includes the fact that the probe unit (3) has at least one inner electrode (5) and at least one outer electrode (6) surrounding the inner electrode.
Abstract:
An abnormality detection device includes: a coupling-capacitor having a first-end and a second-end coupled with a high-voltage circuit; a signal output unit; a signal extraction unit; and a signal input unit. The signal output unit is coupled with the first-end of the coupling-capacitor via a detection-resistor, and outputs an alternating-current inspection-signal. The signal extraction unit extracts the inspection-signal, as an extraction-signal, output between the detection-resistor and the coupling-capacitor. The signal input unit detects abnormality of insulation resistance of the high-voltage circuit based on a level of the inputted extraction-signal. The signal extraction unit includes a signal removing filter and a subtraction circuit. The filter removes a signal equal in frequency to the inspection-signal and passes low-frequency noises lower in frequency than the inspection-signal. The subtraction circuit outputs a differential signal, as the extraction-signal, between a signal having passed through the filter and a signal not having passed through the filter.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensorvorrichtung zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften fluider Medien in einem Behälter, mit zumindest einer aus einem isolierenden Material gebildeten Grundplatte (42) mit einer ersten dem Medium (3) ausgesetzten Oberfläche (42a), zumindest zwei Sensorelementen (41) mit zumindest einer ersten und einer zweiten Elektrode (41 a, 41 b), die gegeneinander isoliert auf der ersten Oberfläche der Grundplatte angeordnet sind und von dem Medium umströmt werden, wobei die zumindest zwei Sensorelemente in einer vorbestimmten räumlichen Lage zueinander angeordnet sind.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress decline of a filter function and to shorten time needed to charge capacitors with voltage of battery cells, in a flying capacitor type voltage monitoring device for monitoring the voltage of the respective battery cells of a battery pack using multiple capacitors.SOLUTION: Among multiple resistors R1-R15 which are provided at detection lines L1-L15 connecting electrode terminals of respective battery cells V1-V14 of a battery pack 1 to an input side connection switching part 22 and which form a filter circuit 21 serving a filter function, a resistance value of a first resistor group connected to a connection end A3 between a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2 via the input side connection switching part 22 is made smaller than a resistance value of a second resistor group connected to independent ends A1, A2 of the respective capacitors C1, C2.
Abstract:
A corrosion sensor for detecting the action of corrosive media on a metallic component when the sensor is mounted in the vicinity of the metallic component in use is disclosed. The sensor includes an electrically conducting corrodible element mounted on a non conducting substrate, the corrodible element being covered with a protective coating such as paint adapted to protect the corrodible element from corrosive media. The protective coating defines a temporary feature such as a paint defect which extends across the corrodible element and is designed to permit attack on the corrodible element by corrosive media after a predetermined period of time. The corrodible element comprises a pair of spaced tracks extending generally in a longitudinal direction and a series of corrodible tracks, each corrodible track extending generally in a lateral direction and forming an electrical connection between the spaced tracks. The temporary feature extends longitudinally, in the space between the pair of tracks, across a number of the corrodible tracks whereby to permit a corrosive attack on a number of the corrodible tracks after the predetermined period of time.
Abstract:
A closed-loop calibration scheme is configured to allow a device to remain in continuous operation. A signal generator device provides a pseudorandom sequence for a signal received by a magnetic field magnetic field sensor, such as a Hall-effect sensor. A signal decoder circuit receives the output signal and decouples the generated spread spectrum signal from the interference by measuring the gain in the overall signal. The decoder device distinguishes the known spread spectrum signal from any perturbation effects of particular bandwidths. A processing circuit then outputs a signal that has an operation parameter that has been adjusted to compensate for the perturbation effects. The processing circuit provides the receiver circuit with the compensation signal, hence forming a closed-loop calibration configuration.
Abstract:
A method for determining at least one electrical property of an earth formation includes emitting an electromagnetic signal into the earth formation from an antenna and measuring an electromagnetic signal from the earth formation. The antenna is a broadband log antenna mounted on a substrate having at least a high dielectric permittivity, defined as a dielectric permittivity of about ε=100 to ε=1000 or a gigantic dielectric permittivity, defined as a dielectric permittivity of about ε=1000 or greater. The antenna has a radius between about 2.5 millimeters (mm) and 10 centimeters (cm). The method further includes determining at least one electrical property of one or more of a borehole, a borehole fluid, and the earth formation based on measuring the electromagnetic signal.