Abstract:
The present invention provides miniaturized instruments for conducting chemical reactions where control of the reaction temperature is desired or required. Specifically, this invention provides chips and optical systems for performing and monitoring temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost amplification of nucleic acids.
Abstract:
A device for measuring oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production by a respiring subject based on the use of absorption spectroscopy. An absorption spectrometer using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy at 763nm to measure oxygen concentration and direct absorption or wavelength modulation spectroscopy at 2.0035μm for carbon dioxide concentration is incorporated into a breathing tube in proximity to the respiring subject. This provides measurements of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration with a good temporal resolution which can be combined with measurements of flow rate as a function of time to obtain oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production on a breath-by-breath basis. The device can also measure the concentration of water vapour and of anaesthetic gases in exhaled breath.
Abstract:
Provided are an optical analyzer that can promote enhancement of measurement sensitivity, cost reduction, downsizing, structural flexibility and disturbance resistance at once, and a laser device used for the optical analyzer. The optical analyzer comprises a laser light source (2), a wavelength selection element (3) that receives a part of the light output from the laser light source (2) and that selects and leads out the light having a wavelength substantially equal to the absorption wavelength of the analysis object from among wavelengths of the light, a light detection device (5) that detects the intensity of the light led out from the wavelength selection element (3), and a drive electric current control device (6) that increases or decreases the drive electric current of the laser light source (2) near a specified electric current value to output the light of the above-mentioned absorption wavelength by the laser light source (2) so as to set the drive electric current at an electric current value at a time when the intensity of the light detected by the light detection device (5) becomes a peak. The laser light source (2), the wavelength selection element (3), and the light detection device (5) are mounted on a single substrate (11) that can regulate the temperature at a constant level.
Abstract:
An inspection apparatus includes a handset (302) and an elongated inspection tube (112) extending from the handset. For reduction of heat energy radiating from one or more components of the apparatus, the apparatus includes a particularly designed heat sink assembly (928).
Abstract:
The present invention provides miniaturized instruments for conducting chemical reactions where control of the reaction temperature is desired or required. Specifically, this invention provides chips and optical systems for performing and monitoring temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost amplification of nucleic acids.
Abstract:
An apparatus for optical testing of samples is disclosed. The apparatus includes a) apparatus (28) for receiving a plurality of samples to be tested, b) light detection apparatus (20), c) apparatus (32, 42 and 48) defining light paths extending from the plurality of samples to the light detection apparatus and d) apparatus (40 and 56) for exposing the light detection apparatus to light received from individual ones of the plurality of samples along the light paths.
Abstract:
A colorimeter (5) for characterising the colour of an object is placed in an environmentally sealed enclosure (10) for use in industrial environments. In order to maintain an acceptable operating temperature for the colorimeter's electronics and lamp, a heat shield (220) is placed around the lamp to substantially isolate it from the electronics. The heat shield and the environmentally sealed enclosure are made of a highly heat conductive material such as aluminum. The heat shield is thermally coupled to the environmentally sealed enclosure.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for spectrophotometric analysis of material in a moving process stream wherein the material is directed into an observation chamber within a sample cell and exposed to a radiation beam suitable for spectrophotometric purposes. A radiation source and a radiation detector are contained within a first compartment and a second compartment environmentally isolated from the first compartment and within which the sample cell is contained. Reflectors are positioned within the second compartment for receiving the radiation beam from the first compartment, directing the radiation beam through the sample cell and the material to be analyzed contained therein, and directing the radiation beam back into the second compartment and the radiation detector positioned therein. The second compartment maintains the environment therein within a range acceptable for radiation analysis of the material within the sample cell. Mirrors are positioned within the second compartment for diverting the radiation beam from passage through the material and for determining a reference spectrum within the same environment as the sample cell and directing the diverted beam to the radiation detector.