Abstract:
The invention concerns a spectroscopic ellipsometer comprising a light source (1) emitting an optical beam, a polarizer (2) arranged on the path of the optical beam emitted by the light source, a sample holder (9) receiving the optical beam from the polarizer output, a polarisation analyser (3) designed to be traversed by the beam reflected by the sample to be analysed, a detection set which receives the beam from the analyser output and which comprises a monochromator (5) and a photodetector (4), means (6) for processing the signal in said detection set output, which include an electronic counter (13). Cooling means (12) maintain the detection set at a temperature lower than room temperature, minimising the noise of the detector so as to be constantly in the condition of minimum photon noise. The optimal measuring condition of the ellipsometer is reached by minimising all the sources of noise (lamps, detection, ambient noise).
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for screening diverse arrays of materials using infrared imaging techniques are provided. Typically, each of the individual materials on the array will be screened or interrogated for the same material characteristic. Once screened, the individual materials may be ranked or otherwise compared relative to each other with respect to the material characteristic under investigation. According to one aspect, infrared imaging techniques are used to identify the active sites within an array of compounds by monitoring the temperature change resulting from a reaction. This same technique can also be used to quantify the stability of each new material within an array of compounds. According to another aspect, identification and characterization of condensed phase products is achieved, wherein library elements are activated by a heat source serially, or in parallel. According to another aspect, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to rapidly characterize a large number of chemical reactions contained within a combinatorial library.
Abstract:
A video imaging device includes a light source (2), a detector (36), and an optical polarization system (6, 38) for video imaging of superfical biological tissue layers (26, 32). The device relies on taking a set of measurements at different polarization orientations so as to render a new image that is independent of the light (22) reflected from the surface (12) of a tissue sample (14) and that is independent of the light (34) scattered from deep tissue layers (32).
Abstract:
The degree of polarization of an optical signal is measured by a polarimeter and used for providing a feedback signal to adjust adaptive optics of a polarization mode dispersion compensator. The polarization properties of the polarimeter are determined with high accuracy to match the polarimeter through calibration and used to produce the feedback signal.
Abstract:
A first tunable wavelength pulse light source (22) is driven by a reference signal to emit a first optical pulse. An optical demultiplexer (24) demultiplexes a first optical pulse emitted from the first pulse light source (22) into a reference optical pulse and an incident optical pulse to be sent into an object to be measured. An optical multiplexer (26) multiplexes the reference optical pulse and an outgoing optical pulse passing through the object to output multiplexed light. A second pulse light source (23) generates a second optical pulse which is synchronous with the first optical pulse and delays a predetermined time for each period of the first optical pulse. A sampling unit (27, 27a, 27b) receives the multiplexed light and the second optical pulse to obtain an optical pulse train signal proportional to the intensity of the multiplexed light obtained in synchronism with the second optical pulse. From the optical pulse train signal from the sampling unit (27, 27a, 27b), a signal processor (37) obtains an envelope formed by peaks of individual optical pulses forming the optical pulse train. The wavelength dispersion of the object is obtained by measuring the delay time of the outgoing optical pulse passing through the object on the basis of intervals between the peaks of the envelope.
Abstract:
The present invention provides for a method of measuring an angle of rotation for urinalysis. Also, a polarimeter, which is reliable, compact and inexpensive is provided by using a polarimeter including means for transmitting the polarized light through a specimen, applying a magnetic field to the specimen and detecting the change in the direction of light polarization due to the application of the magnetic field.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a spectroscopic ellipsometer comprising a light source (1) emitting an optical beam, a polarizer (2) arranged on the path of the optical beam emitted by the light source, a sample holder (9) receiving the optical beam from the polarizer output, a polarisation analyser (3) designed to be traversed by the beam reflected by the sample to be analysed, a detection set which receives the beam from the analyser output and which comprises a monochromator (5) and a photodetector (4), means (6) for processing the signal in said detection set output, which include an electronic counter (13). Cooling means (12) maintain the detection set at a temperature lower than room temperature, minimising the noise of the detector so as to be constantly in the condition of minimum photon noise. The optimal measuring condition of the ellipsometer is reached by minimising all the sources of noise (lamps, detection, ambient noise).
Abstract:
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Polarimeter zur Ermittlung von Eigenschaften einer Probe über Phasenauflösung und Fourieranalyse mit einer Quelle (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) für linear polarisierte Strahlung, einer Probenkammer zur Aufnahme der Polarimeterröhre (6) für die Probe, einen Analysator (7), der am Ausgang der Probenkammer (6) angeordnet ist, der das von der Probe optisch beeinflusste Licht erhält und der kontinuierlich drehbar ist, einen Motor mit Inkrementalgeber (10) als Antrieb für den Analysator (7), einen Detektor (9) mit Linse (8), der das vom Analysator (7) ausgegebene Signal hinsichtlich Analysatorstellung und Intensitätssignal erfasst und an einen Analog-Digitalwandler (11) abgibt, der von dem Inkrementalgeber (19) getriggert wird, und einen Rechner (12), der das Ausgangssignal vom Analog-Digitalwandler (11) erhält und über eine Fourieranalyse eine Aussage über die Eigenschaften der Probe macht.