Abstract:
A process for the production of a heteroaromatic carboxylic acid comprising contacting in the presence of a catalyst, a precursor of said carboxylic acid with an oxidant, such contact being effected with said precursor and the oxidant in an aqueous solvent comprising water under supercritical conditions or near supercritical conditions close to the supercritical point.
Abstract:
Process for the recovery of substantially pure adiponitrile (ADN) from a mixture of adiponitrile, aminocapronitrile and hexamthylenediamine, comprising two sequential distillations, the first of which involves distilling the mixture in a distillation column at a head pressure that causes at least 70 % of the ADN to go into the distillate, along with bishexamethylenetriamine (BHMT) and 2-cyanocyclopentylideneimine (CPI), and the second of which involves distilling the distillate in a second distillation column at a head pressure that causes the formation of a distillate comprising a minimum temperature azeotrope between ADN and BHMT and a bottoms product that is ADN substantially free of both BHMT and CPI.
Abstract:
A process for the manufacture of a lactam from an amino alkane nitrile and/or its hydrolysis derivatives, comprising reacting a solution comprising at least about 5% by weight amino alkane nitrile in water at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 350°C and at a pressure of greater than about 250 bar. Optionally, a dilute acid may be added as a catalyst.
Abstract:
Composite yarns, comprising one or more elastomeric fibers and hard yarns, are formed by adhering the elastomeric fibers and hard yarns together using a size material. The size-covered composite yarn can be used in weaving and knitting to make stretch fabrics with desired garment characteristics. The size material may be removed by subsequent wet fabric processing.
Abstract:
Provided is a selective hydrogenation process for producing aminonitriles by contacting the corresponding dinitriles with a hydrogen-containing fluid in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a solvent and tetraalkylammonium hydrogen sulfide compounds.
Abstract:
A process for making a synthetic melt spun polyamide filament in a solid phase polycondensation apparatus is disclosed. The flow rate of the purge (make-up) gas to the apparatus is increased, and the overall pressure in the apparatus is decreased, as compared to solid phase polycondensation apparatus of the prior art. As a result, the removal of the thermal degradation impurity from the polymer flake contributes to improving the yarn quality and at the same time, extends the spinneret wipe life.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the field of separation by distillation of 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and hexamethylenediamine (HMD) from a mixture comprising ACN, HMD, tetrahydroazepine (THA), adiponitrile (ADN) and low boilers (LB). Also disclosed is a method for producing a distillate stream comprising HMD; a side draw stream comprising ACN, THA and low levels of dimers of ACN and HMD; and a tails stream comprising ACN, THA and substantially higher levels of dimers of ACN and HMD than found in the side draw stream. The side draw stream is particularly suitable for use in the production of caprolactam since the low levels of dimers of ACN and HMT do not greatly affect the catalyst life in the caprolactam production process. The tails stream can be further distilled to produce a tails distillate stream comprising CAN and THA, which can be recycled back to the first distillation column, futher increasing recovery of CAN from the feed stream. Process conditions of the method of the invention disfavor the production of 2-cyanocyclopentylideneimine (CPI).
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for unwinding yams with: (1) a drive roll with a polished metal finish to ensure good fiber/metal contact; (2) a drive roll/separator roll combination that enables multiple wraps of yam on the drive roll; (3) pivoting yarn holding arms for the active and standby packages that provide for easier access to the packages on a frame; and (4) in combination with the pivoting yarn holding arms, one or more pivoting legs extending from a frame so that the apparatus has a relatively small footprint and simplified yarn threading/string-up as compared to background art OETO apparatus.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a polymer additive composition and solution of the additive having more than about 5 w% solubility in a mixture of water and water soluble organic compounds comprising: a substantially water insoluble polymer additive capable of forming a salt, the polymer additive having less than about 1 w% water solubility, and a counterpart salt forming species. A process for using these polymer additive compositions and solutions is disclosed wherein the additive or the additive solution is added prior to or optionally during or optional after a polymerisation process to form polyamides or polyesters.