Abstract:
Liquid wastes and slurries of ground solid wastes are injected into earth formation zones (12) which have a fluid content of fluid similar to the liquid wastes or slurry which is below the irreducible saturation level for the liquid wastes or slurry to be injected. The formation (12) may be non-hydrocarbon bearing or a depleted hydrocarbon bearing reservoir which has been depleted by enhanced fluid recovery techniques below its ambient irreducible fluid saturation value.
Abstract:
A system for cementing well casing (16) in a bore hole (12) utilizes only top (22) and bottom (20) cementing plugs. The well casing (16) has on its lower end an inwardly extending lip (18) to engage a latch (30) on the lower portion of the bottom cementing plug (20). The bottom cementing plug (20) has a through passage (26) that is covered on the top by a diaphragm (32) and on the bottom by another diaphragm (34).
Abstract:
The concentration of one liquid, such as water, in another liquid, such as crude or refined oil, existing in a mixture which also includes entrained gas is carried out by an apparatus (Fig. 1, 10) which measures a change in a microwave oscillator (30) operating frequency and the difference between incident and transmitted power with respect to a measurement section of the apparatus (10). Continuous monitoring (60) of the difference in incident versus transmitted power is carried out to detect the presence of gas and then selectively averaged peak values of the concentration of one liquid in another are determined to provide an accurate measurement (62) of the content of water in oil even with the presence of various amounts of entrained gas in the mixture.
Abstract:
A dispersant for drilling fluids, spacer fluids, completion fluids, cement slurries and mixtures of drilling fluids and cement slurries used for drilling and cementing subterranean wells.
Abstract:
A transducer for an acoustic logging tool (10) includes a liquid-filled cavity (14) formed by a substantially rigid housing portion (12) of the tool (10) and having a resilient barrier member (20) disposed between liquid in the wellbore and the liquid (24) in the cavity (14). A magnetic field (32) extends transversely through the cavity (14) and a member (40), which may comprise a rigid plate (40), a flexible member (64) or a quantity of electrically conductive liquid (102) trapped between flexible membranes (98, 100), is disposed in the cavity (14) for movement normal to the magnetic field. A voltage is generated (52, 54) in response to movement of liquid (24) in the cavity (14) which is proportional to the velocity of the plate (40) or member (64), or the velocity of the conductive liquid (102), the length of the conductive path and the intensity of the magnetic field in accordance with the principles of the Lorentz force.
Abstract:
A process for converting a feedstock containing ethylene to produce heavier hydrocarbons in the gasoline or distillate boiling range including the steps of contacting the olefins feedstock with a first siliceous crystalline molecular sieve at an elevated temperature and relatively low pressure under conditions which maximize the conversion of ethylene to C3-C4 olefins and C5+ hydrocarbons, separating C3-C4 olefins from the C5+ hydrocarbons, and contacting the separated C3-C4 olefins with a second siliceous crystalline molecular sieve at moderate temperatures under conditions favorable for conversion of the C3-C4 olefins to heavier hydrocarbons in the gasoline or distillate boiling range.
Abstract:
A method of synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which includes the steps of separating a mixture of lower alkanes to form a first fraction containing predominately methane and at least one second fraction containing predominately C2+ alkanes; dehydrogenating the second C2+ fraction to form an effluent comprising C2+ olefins; contacting the methane fraction with an oxide of a metal which oxide when contacted with methane at between about 500o and 1000oC. is reduced and produces higher hydrocarbon products and water; and oligomerizing the C2+ olefin fraction and the methane contacting effluent to produce higher hydrocarbon products. Also disclosed is a method of synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which includes the steps of contacting a methane with a reducible metal oxide, recovering ethylene from the effluent of the contacting and oligomerizing the ethylene to produce higher hydrocarbon products.
Abstract:
Glasses formed from modified naturally occuring zeolites and in particular to fiberizable glasses containing boria. Alkaline-resistant glass fibers are formed from a naturally occuring alkaline earth metal aluminosilicate zeolite material modified by addition of components of alkaline earth metals, boron and aluminium.
Abstract:
Calcia-aluminosilicate glasses and glass-forming mixtures having controlled molar ratios of the predominant oxide components and formed by adding glass-forming and glass-modifying materials to naturally occurring zeolites. Further the invention relates to cementitious bodies reinforced with fibers of the glasses of the invention.
Abstract:
A process for the direct chlorination of hydrated alumina (preferably alumina trihydrate) to aluminum chloride hexahydrate (ACH) by reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Preferably all of the initial hydrated alumina is converted to ACH. The ACH partially calcined to form an amorphous mixture of aluminum oxides and oxychlorides. This mixture is then reductively chlorinated to form anhydrous aluminum chloride which is suitable as a source of electrolytically produced aluminum metal.