公开(公告)号：WO2007011729A3

公开(公告)日：2007-04-26

申请号：PCT/US2006027374

申请日：2006-07-13

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS LEE

Inventor： GRODZINS LEE

IPC: G01N21/67 ,  G01N21/17

CPC classification number: G01N21/1702 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01N21/718 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N29/0618 ,  G01N29/14 ,  G01N29/2418 ,  G01N33/20 ,  G01N2021/1706 ,  G01S5/26 ,  G01S5/30

Abstract: Two or more high-frequency microphones are used to determine where an individual spark or other excitation beam strikes a sample in an optical emission spectroscopy (OES) instrument. The position of the spark can be correlated with the elemental composition of the material in the sample vaporized by the spark. The microphones are placed appropriately in air around a sparker of the instrument, or appropriately on the sample, or on both the sample and in the air. Arrival times of sound from the spark to the microphones, or a difference in the arrival times, yields information, from which the position of the spark relative to the microphones, and hence the absolute position of the spark, is deduced, such as by triangulation. Optionally or in addition, a signal that indicates a time when the spark is produced is correlated with one or more spectra detected by a spectrometer, so a spectrum that results from the vaporized sample can be distinguished from a spectrum that results from heated gas above the sample.

Abstract translation: 使用两个或更多高频麦克风来确定单个火花或其他激发光束在光学发射光谱（OES）仪器中撞击样品的位置。 火花的位置可以与由火花汽化的样品中的材料的元素组成相关联。 麦克风适当放置在仪器火花周围的空气中，或适当地放置在样品上，或放在样品上和空气中。 从火花到麦克风的声音到达时间或到达时间的差异产生信息，从中可以推断火花相对于麦克风的位置以及因此火花的绝对位置，例如通过三角测量 。 任选地或另外地，指示产生火花的时间的信号与由光谱仪检测到的一个或多个光谱相关，因此从蒸发的样品产生的光谱可以与由加热的气体产生的光谱区分开， 样品。

公开(公告)号：WO2004109331A2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-16

申请号：PCT/US2004018030

申请日：2004-06-04

Applicant: NITON LLC ,  GRODZINS LEE

Inventor： GRODZINS LEE

IPC: G01N23/10 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01T

CPC classification number: G01T3/06

Abstract: An apparatus for selective radiation detection includes a neutron detector that facilitates detection of neutron emitters, e.g. plutonium, and the like; a gamma ray detector that facilitates detection of gamma ray sources, e.g., uranium, and the like; and/or an X-ray analyzer that facilitates detection of materials that can shield radioactiv sources, e.g., lead, and the like.

Abstract translation: 用于选择性辐射检测的装置包括中子探测器，其有助于检测中子发射器，例如， 钚等; 有助于检测伽马射线源（例如铀等）的γ射线检测器; 和/或便于检测可以屏蔽放射线源（例如引线等）的材料的X射线分析仪。

公开(公告)号：WO2012058207A4

公开(公告)日：2012-08-23

申请号：PCT/US2011057648

申请日：2011-10-25

Applicant: AMERICAN SCIENCE & ENG INC ,  GRODZINS LEE ,  SCHUBERT JEFFREY R ,  AL-KOFAHI OMAR ,  ROTHSCHILD PETER J

Inventor： GRODZINS LEE ,  SCHUBERT JEFFREY R ,  AL-KOFAHI OMAR ,  ROTHSCHILD PETER J

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G21K1/043

Abstract: Apparatus for interrupting and/or scanning a beam of penetrating radiation, such as for purposes of inspecting contents of a container. A source, such as an x-ray tube, generates a fan beam of radiation effectively emanating from a source axis, with the width of the fan beam collimated by a width collimator, such as a clamshell collimator. An angular collimator, stationary during the course of scanning, limits the extent of the scan, and a multi-aperture unit, such as a hoop, or a nested pair of hoops, is rotated about a central axis, and structured in such a manner that beam flux incident on a target is conserved for different fields of view of the beam on the target. The central axis of hoop rotation need not coincide with the source axis.

Abstract translation: 用于中断和/或扫描穿透辐射束的装置，例如用于检查容器内容物的目的。 诸如X射线管的源产生有效地从源轴发出的扇形辐射束，其中扇形束的宽度由宽度准直器（诸如蛤壳式准直器）准直。 在扫描过程中固定的角度准直器限制了扫描的范围，并且多孔单元例如箍或嵌套的一对箍围绕中心轴旋转，并且以这种方式构造 入射到目标上的光束通量对于目标上的光束的不同视场是保存的。 箍旋转的中心轴线不需要与源轴线重合。

公开(公告)号：WO2012058207A3

公开(公告)日：2012-07-05

申请号：PCT/US2011057648

申请日：2011-10-25

Applicant: AMERICAN SCIENCE & ENG INC ,  GRODZINS LEE ,  SCHUBERT JEFFREY R ,  AL-KOFAHI OMAR ,  ROTHSCHILD PETER J

Inventor： GRODZINS LEE ,  SCHUBERT JEFFREY R ,  AL-KOFAHI OMAR ,  ROTHSCHILD PETER J

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G21K1/043

Abstract: Apparatus for interrupting and/or scanning a beam of penetrating radiation, such as for purposes of inspecting contents of a container. A source, such as an x-ray tube, generates a fan beam of radiation effectively emanating from a source axis, with the width of the fan beam collimated by a width collimator, such as a clamshell collimator. An angular collimator, stationary during the course of scanning, limits the extent of the scan, and a multi-aperture unit, such as a hoop, or a nested pair of hoops, is rotated about a central axis, and structured in such a manner that beam flux incident on a target is conserved for different fields of view of the beam on the target. The central axis of hoop rotation need not coincide with the source axis.

公开(公告)号：WO2010068803A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-17

申请号：PCT/US2009/067566

申请日：2009-12-10

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： GRODZINS, Lee

IPC: G01N23/223

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  G01T1/00

Abstract: A method of operating an x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer to automatically suppress sum-peaks is disclosed. The method includes irradiating a sample to acquire an initial energy spectrum. The energy spectrum is processed to identify a sum-peak that interferes with a characteristic fluoresced peak of an element of interest. A filter is positioned in the emitted radiation path to attenuate radiation that contributes to the identified sum-peak, and a filtered energy spectrum is acquired. In certain embodiments, the filtered energy spectrum is acquired only when a limit of detection (LOD) of an element of interest calculated from the initial energy spectrum does not satisfy a targeted objective.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种操作X射线荧光（XRF）分析仪以自动抑制和峰的方法。 该方法包括照射样品以获得初始能谱。 处理能谱以识别干扰感兴趣元素的特征荧光峰的和峰。 滤波器位于发射的辐射路径中以衰减有助于所识别的和峰的辐射，并且获取滤波后的能谱。 在某些实施例中，只有当从初始能谱计算的感兴趣元素的检测限（LOD）不满足目标目标时，才能获得滤波后的能谱。

公开(公告)号：WO2009134924A1

公开(公告)日：2009-11-05

申请号：PCT/US2009/042163

申请日：2009-04-29

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： GRODZINS, Lee

IPC: G01N23/223 ,  A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B6/583 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/485 ,  A61B6/505 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  G01N2223/6123

Abstract: Methods for in vivo measurement of lead or other trace elements in bone by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) without independent measurement of underlying tissue thickness are disclosed. In one method, the lead concentration is calculated based on the intensity of a first characteristic fluoresced peak and a function having as an argument the intensity ratio of first and second characteristic fluoresced peaks, with at least one parameter of the function being empirically determined by measurements of calibration phantoms having differing thicknesses of tissue surrogate material. In another method, the lead concentration is measured by estimating tissue thickness based on the intensity of the Compton scattering peak, or ratio of Compton/Rayleigh intensities, and the intensity of a characteristic fluoresced x-ray peak corrected for attenuation by tissue of the estimated thickness. Also disclosed is a method for determining the calcium concentration and density of bone based on XRF spectrum data.

Abstract translation: 公开了通过x射线荧光（XRF）体内测量骨中的铅或其他微量元素而不独立测量下面的组织厚度的方法。 在一种方法中，基于第一特征荧光峰的强度和作为第一和第二特征荧光峰的强度比作为参数的函数来计算铅浓度，其中该函数的至少一个参数由经度由测量 的校准体模具有不同厚度的组织替代材料。 在另一种方法中，通过基于康普顿散射峰的强度或康普顿/瑞利强度的比例估计组织厚度，以及通过组织校正的特征荧光x射线峰值的强度来测量铅浓度。 厚度。 还公开了基于XRF光谱数据确定骨的钙浓度和密度的方法。

公开(公告)号：WO2009033089A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-12

申请号：PCT/US2008/075483

申请日：2008-09-05

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS, Lee ,  PESCE, John

Inventor： GRODZINS, Lee ,  PESCE, John

IPC: G01N23/223

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

Abstract: A method, instrument, and computer program software product for characterizing a sample with respect to the presence of a specified element such as lead, either as a constituent of a surface layer or of the bulk of the sample. Intensities of fluorescent emission at two characteristic emission lines are compared to establish whether the specified element is disposed at the surface of the sample. In the case where the specified element is disposed at the surface of the sample, an areal density of the specified element is determined, whereas in the case where the specified element is disposed within the bulk of the sample, a volumetric concentration of the specified element within the sample is determined.

Abstract translation: 一种方法，仪器和计算机程序软件产品，用于表征样品相对于诸如铅的指定元素（作为表面层的组分或样品的大部分）的存在。 比较两个特征发射线处的荧光发射强度，以确定指定元素是否设置在样品的表面。 在将特定元素设置在样品的表面的情况下，确定特定元素的面密度，而在规定元素设置在样本体内的情况下，指定元素的体积浓度 在样品内确定。

公开(公告)号：WO2009002595A2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-31

申请号：PCT/US2008060931

申请日：2008-04-18

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  DILLON ROBERT ,  GRODZINS LEE ,  MELIKIAN STEPHANIE

Inventor： DILLON ROBERT ,  GRODZINS LEE ,  MELIKIAN STEPHANIE

IPC: G01N21/71

CPC classification number: G01J3/443 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0272 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01N21/718

Abstract: Multiple energy sources, such as a laser and electrical current, are employed, in close coordination, spatially and temporally, to clean a sample, vaporize its material and excite vapor atoms for the purpose of atomic emission spectroscopy. These methods permit better monitoring and control of the individual processes in real time, lead to higher consistency and higher quality optical emission spectra, and enhance the measurements of non-conducting solids, liquids and gases. Additionally, a portable instrument is provided with both laser source and spectrometer optically coupled to a hand-holdable unit.

Abstract translation: 在诸如激光和电流之间的多个能源，在空间和时间上紧密协调地被采用以清洁样品，蒸发其材料并激发蒸气原子以用于原子发射光谱。 这些方法允许实时更好地监测和控制各个过程，从而提高一致性和更高质量的光发射光谱，并增强非导电固体，液体和气体的测量。 此外，便携式仪器具有与手持式单元光学耦合的激光源和光谱仪。

公开(公告)号：WO2007139915A3

公开(公告)日：2008-10-23

申请号：PCT/US2007012454

申请日：2007-05-25

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS LEE

Inventor： GRODZINS LEE

IPC: G01T3/06 ,  G01T3/00

CPC classification number: G01T3/06 ,  G01T1/2018

Abstract: An apparatus "for selective radiation detection includes a neutron detector (104, 108) that facilitates detection of neutron emitters, e.g. plutonium, and the like,- a gamma ray detector (108) that facilitates detection of gamma ray sources, e.g., uranium, and the like. The apparatus comprises a first light guide (102), optically coupled to a first optical detector (104); a second light guide (106), optically coupled to a second optical detector (108) a sheet of neutron scintillator (110), opaque for incoming optical photons, said sheet of neutron scintillator sandwiched between the first and the second light guides. The second light guide comprises a gamma ray scintillator material (107).

Abstract translation: 用于选择性辐射检测的装置包括便于检测中子发射体（例如钚等）的中子检测器（104,108）， - 有助于检测伽马射线源的伽马射线检测器（108），例如铀， 该装置包括光学耦合到第一光学检测器（104）的第一光导（102）;与第二光学检测器（108）光学耦合的第二光导（106），一片中子闪烁体 110），对于进入的光子光不透明，所述中子闪烁体片夹在第一和第二光导之间，第二光导包括伽马射线闪烁体材料（107）。

公开(公告)号：WO2008100914A2

公开(公告)日：2008-08-21

申请号：PCT/US2008/053691

申请日：2008-02-12

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  PIOREK, Stanislaw ,  DUGAS, Michael, E. ,  ESTABROOKS, Paul ,  GRODZINS, Lee ,  HAMILTON, Mark ,  MARTIN, Kenneth, P. ,  SREETHARAN, Pratheev

Inventor： PIOREK, Stanislaw ,  DUGAS, Michael, E. ,  ESTABROOKS, Paul ,  GRODZINS, Lee ,  HAMILTON, Mark ,  MARTIN, Kenneth, P. ,  SREETHARAN, Pratheev

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

Abstract: A hand-held, self-contained x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer (200) produces a small x-ray spot on a sample (604) to interrogate the elemental composition of a sample (604) region of millimeter-size characteristic dimension. The analyzer (200) includes an x-ray source for aiming an x-ray beam (304) toward a desired location on the sample (604). The analyzer (200) may include a digital camera (316) oriented toward the portion of the sample (604) that is, or would be, interrogated by the x-ray spot to facilitate aiming the analyzer (200). The analyzer may generate a reticule (908, 910) in a displayed image to indicate the portion of the sample (604) that is, or would be, illuminated by the x-ray beam (304). The analyzer (200) may include a detector collimator (1200) positioned along a light path between the spot and the detector (314). The analyzer (200) may include a chamber through which the beam (304) and the response signal (312) pass and a coupling for receiving an end of a purge gas tank (2502) for providing a purge gas to the chamber. The analyzer (200) may include a sensor operative to detect an amount of ambient gas present in the chamber. A calibration target (2200) and method (2300-2308) are disclosed for calibrating a location of a reticule in the analyzer (200).

Abstract translation: 手持式自含式X射线荧光（XRF）分析仪（200）在样品（604）上产生小的X射线点以询问样品（604）的元素组成 ）毫米尺寸特征尺寸的区域。 分析器（200）包括用于将X射线束（304）瞄准样品（604）上的期望位置的X射线源。 分析器（200）可以包括朝向样本（604）的部分定向的数字照相机（316），该数字照相机朝向或将被x射线光斑询问以便于瞄准分析仪（200）。 分析器可以在显示的图像中生成标线（908,910）以指示正在或将被X射线束（304）照射的样本（604）的部分。 分析仪（200）可以包括沿着光点与检测器（314）之间的光路定位的检测器准直仪（1200）。 分析器（200）可以包括光束（304）和响应信号（312）通过的腔室和用于接收用于向腔室提供吹扫气体的吹扫气罐（2502）的端部的连接件。 分析仪（200）可以包括传感器，该传感器可操作以检测腔室中存在的环境气体的量。 公开了校准目标（2200）和方法（2300-2308），用于校准分析器（200）中的标线的位置。