Abstract:
The invention relates to a whole-cell catalyst which expresses a recombinant α-dioxygenase or the combination of a recombinant fatty acid reductase and a phosphopantetheinyl transferase which phosphopantetheinylates the fatty acid reductase, and which expresses, in addition to the α-dioxygenase and/or the combination of fatty acid reductase and phosphopantetheinyl transferase, a transaminase, wherein the phosphopantetheinyl transferase and/or transaminase is preferably recombinant; and also to a process for converting a carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid or a monoester thereof to an amine or diamine, comprising the steps of contacting the carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid or the monoester thereof with a phosphopantetheinylated fatty acid reductase or an α-dioxygenase and contacting the product with a transaminase.
Abstract:
A process for purifying laurolactam by means of integrated connection of distillation and crystallization is provided. The crystallization is performed as a solution or melt crystallization. The process reduces thermal stress applied to the laurolactam stream and improved yields are obtained. Raw materials are recovered and recycled in the production sequence.
Abstract:
A process for preparing an alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof, which includes (a) subjecting at least one unsaturated fatty acid or fatty acid derivative to ozonolysis to obtain an ozonolysis reaction mixture; and (b) oxidizing the ozonolysis reaction mixture with an oxidizing agent in the presence of an acid catalyst to obtain an oxidized reaction mixture comprising at least one alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid or ester; wherein the process is performed using a solvent and the acid catalyst has a pKa of less than or equal to zero, as measured at 25° C.
Abstract:
A process for purifying laurolactam by means of integrated connection of distillation and crystallization is provided. The crystallization is performed as a solution or melt crystallization. The process reduces thermal stress applied to the laurolactam stream and improved yields are obtained. Raw materials are recovered and recycled in the production sequence.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing 1,2-dodeca-2,10-diene diacid and 1,12-dodecanoic acid whereby cyclooctene and acrylic acid are reacted with a ruthenium catalyst by way of a metathesis reaction at high substrate concentrations until the reaction takes place in substance, the resulting unsaturated dicarboxylic acid being precipitated and being hydrated in a second reaction step.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the coammoximation, that is to say for the simultaneous ammoximation, of ketones, in particular of cyclic ketones such as cyclododecanone and cyclohexanone. Ammoximation is taken to mean here the preparation of oximes from ketones or aldehydes together with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia and in the presence of a catalyst which essentially consists of silicon, titanium and oxygen, for example titanium silicalite.
Abstract:
A closure device, especially for vehicle doors, possesses a rotary latch interacting with a closure pin, a releasable ratchet for arresting the door, and a motor-driven shutting aid, which moves the door into the closed position. A problem from safety aspects is activating the shutting aid if fingers or articles are still located between the door and the bodywork. In order to reduce the risk of injury or damage, when the release mechanism is actuated, the force flow between the drive of the shutting aid and the door to be closed is simultaneously mechanically interrupted. As a result of this measure, the rotary latch is immediately released and the door springs open.
Abstract:
The locking device (10) for doors, in particular of vehicles, has an inside door opener and an outside door handle (12) which can be used to actuate at least one lock for locking the door. Locking devices of this type are conventionally very complicated mechanically, since the mechanical connection between the outside door handle (12) and the lock is meant to be uncoupled as a function of various functional positions. In order to reduce the mechanical complexity, only the inside door opener should act mechanically on the lock, and the outside door handle (12) should act via an electric control on an actuating drive (18), which actuates the lock. In this case, the opening command is instigated only if at least one defined allowable precondition is present. The required additional functions of locking devices can very easily be controlled by the electric control, so that additional mechanical elements are not required. The unlocking with the aid of the inside door opener, which is desired from the point of view of safety, is maintained, and the ease of use is increased because of the lower opening forces of the outside door handle.
Abstract:
A membrane module which includes a unitary, curved, backing support which retains all the U bends, serially connecting the membrane tubes, in a sealing relationship, and which includes an annular permeate-collector ring system at the end of each membrane tube and channels with a permeate manifold passageway, to provide efficient removal and easy cleaning of the permeate flow path.
Abstract:
The present application relates to a process for removing an organic compound having one or more positive charges from an aqueous solution, comprising the steps a) provision of the aqueous solution comprising the organic compound and of a hydrophobic organic solution which comprises a liquid cation exchanger, where the liquid cation exchanger is hydrophobic, and where the liquid cation exchanger has one or more negative charges and an overall negative charge, b) contacting the aqueous solution and the organic solution, and c) separating off the organic solution from the aqueous solution.