Abstract:
A system for dispensing precise quantities of a transfer liquid (24) is described. The system comprises an enclosed space (214, 234, 235) containing a fluid column, the fluid column including the transfer liquid (24) and a system liquid (20). The enclosed space has an outlet (36) and the column is arranged with the transfer liquid (24) being adjacent to the outlet (63) and the system liquid (20) being distant to the outlet (63). Means (218) are provided for supplying the system liquid (20) into the fluid column (24, 20); and means are present for providing the transfer liquid (24) into the enclosed space (214, 234, 236). The system further includes means (212) for dispensing a quantity of the transfer liquid (24) as at least one droplet out of the outlet (63) without introducing any fluid into the enclosed space (214, 234, 236) during dispensing, means (244) for sensing pressure change in the enclosed space resulting from the volume of the transfer liquid being dispensed and means (224) for converting the pressure change to a volume of the transfer liquid (24) dispensed by the dispensing means (212), wherein ejection of individual drops of the transfer liquid (24) can be detected by the means for sensing pressure change (244).
Abstract:
A fibre optic epi-fluorescence imaging system in which the optical fibres are rearranged so that the system can be used for measuring luminescence samples.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for preventing or limiting damage to capillaries used to dispense microdrops measures the voltage produced by a piezoelectric transducer when the capillary contacts a solid surface or the phase shift occurring when the piezoelectric transducer is operated at its resonant frequency. After distinguishing the voltage created from such contact from the voltage produced from unrelated random sources, corrective action is taken, in one aspect by stopping the relative movement of the capillary and the surface being contacted. The method and apparatus may also be employed to determine the position of a solid or liquid surface.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for cleaning the interior of capillary tubes (62) used to dispense 1 to 100 micron diameter liquid droplets by a piezoelectric transducer (60) surrounding each capillary tube. Magnetic particles are aspirated into the capillary tubes and moved by an exterior magnet to cause deposits on the interior walls to be dislodged and subsequently discharged from the capillary tube. In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic particles are coated with a material capable of binding such deposits.
Abstract:
An optical system for imaging a multiwell sample plate onto a CCD camera, wherein light from the illuminated sample plate (26) is imaged by one or more lenses (20, 24) onto a fibre optic taper (22), bonded to the input face of the camera (28).
Abstract:
A scintillation measurement system for measuring optical events produced by scintillators (19) in response to the radioactive decay of a constituent or constituents of a sample (10) to be measured comprises a sample support for positioning a sample in a sample well (11); a bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation crystal (19), such as Bi4Ge3O12, located adjacent the sample well; a plurality of photodetectors (16, 18) located outside the bismuth germanate crystal (19) for detecting optical events occuring in the sample well (11) or in the bismuth germanate crystal (19) and converting those optical events into electrical pulses; and a pulse analyzing system (40) for receiving the electrical pulses from the photodetectors and determining whether such pulses represent alpha, beta or gamma events. This system can be used with samples containing alpha, beta or gamma emitters, or any combination thereof.
Abstract:
A low-level liquid scintillation measurement system for counting sample optical events resulting from the radioactive decay of a constituent of a sample to be measured while reducing the counting of background optical events which are optical events produced by background radiation and which create electrical pulses other than pulses representing a sample optical event. This system includes detection means located adjacent the sample for detecting optical events and for converting optical events into electrical pulses, coincidence sensing means for receiving the electrical pulses from the detection means and producing a trigger pulse when the electrical pulses from the detection means coincide with each other, burst detection means for receiving the trigger pulses from the coincidence sensing means and the electrical pulses from the detection means for determining the number of electrical pulses present in a selected interval following each of the trigger pulses, evaluation means connected to the burst detection means for determining, in response to the number of pulses detected in the selected interval, the extent to which the optical event represented by the corresponding trigger pulse should be treated as a sample optical event or a background event, and an active guard shield arrangement comprising an auxiliary scintillator optically coupled to the detection means. The shield is adapted to be excited by background radiation and to effectively increase the number of electrical pulses present in the selected interval following a trigger pulse generated as a result of the coincident pulses produced due to the background radiation. The auxiliary scintillator is a glass comprising oxides of lithium, magnesium, silicon and cerium.
Abstract:
A low-level liquid scintillation measurement system for counting sample optical events resulting from the radioactive decay of a constituent of a sample to be measured while reducing the counting of background optical events which are optical events produced by background radiation and which create electrical pulses other than pulses representing a sample optical event. This system includes detection means located adjacent the sample for detecting optical events and for converting optical events into electrical pulses, coincidence sensing means for receiving the electrical pulses from the detection means and producing a trigger pulse when the electrical pulses from the detection means coincide with each other, burst detection means for receiving the trigger pulses from the coincidence sensing means and the electrical pulses from the detection means for determining the number of electrical pulses present in a selected interval following each of the trigger pulses, evaluation means connected to the burst detection means for determining, in response to the number of pulses detected in the selected interval, the extent to which the optical event represented by the corresponding trigger pulse should be treated as a sample optical event or a background event, and an active guard shield arrangement comprising an auxiliary scintillator optically coupled to the detection means. The shield is adapted to be excited by background radiation and to effectively increase the number of electrical pulses present in the selected interval following a trigger pulse generated as a result of the coincident pulses produced due to the background radiation. The auxiliary scintillator is a glass comprising oxides of lithium, magnesium, silicon and cerium.
Abstract:
A low-level liquid scintillation measurement system for counting sample optical events resulting from the radioactive decay of a constituent of a sample to be measured while reducing the counting of background optical events which are optical events produced by background radiation and which create electrical pulses other than pulses representing a sample optical event. This system includes detection means (12,14,16,18) located adjacent the sample for detecting optical events and for converting optical events into electrical pulses, coincidence sensing means (24) for receiving the electrical pulses from the detection means (12,14,16,18) and producing a trigger pulse when the electrical pulses from the detection means (12,14,16,18) coincide with each other, burst detection means (30) for receiving the trigger pulses from the coincidence sensing means (20) and the electrical pulses from the detection means (12,14,16,18) for determining the number of electrical pulses present in a selected interval following each of the trigger pulses, evaluation means (32) connected to the burst detection means (30) for determining, in response to the number of pulses detected in the selected interval, the extent to which the optical event represented by the corresponding trigger pulse should be treated as a sample optical event or a background event, and an active guard shield arrangement (100) comprising an auxiliary scintillator (104) optically coupled to the detection means (12,14,16,18). The shield (100) is adapted to be excited by background radiation and to effectively increase the number of electrical pulses present in the selected interval following a trigger pulse generated as a result of the coincident pulses produced due to the background radiation. This allows the measurement system to accurately evaluate the number of pulses detected in the selected interval and determine the extent to which a trigger pulse is to be treated as a sample optical event.