公开(公告)号：WO1985001584A1

公开(公告)日：1985-04-11

申请号：PCT/US1983001479

申请日：1983-09-27

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01T01/208

CPC classification number: G01T1/208 ,  G01T1/178 ,  G01T1/38

Abstract: Method and apparatus for counting nuclear scintillations particularly the activity in a specimen containing tritium segregates the pulses which are emitted from a scintillator due on interaction with a nuclear particle from the pulses attributable to random noise. The system uses a single photomultiplier (12), the output of which is split among a two-path circuit (22, 32). A pulse height analyzer (46) provides an output when one path (32) has an integrated output signal of preselected amplitude when the other path (22) output has a preselected number of component photon response pulses occurring in a preselected period of time. The system is operable with many scintillation materials as long as the characteristic output from the scintillator is long relative to the duration of a random noise pulse. The preferred embodiment incorporates a solid scintillator although a liquid material may be substituted if the functional criteria are satisfied. Also discussed is the response of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention if some relatively high energy isotopes such as carbon-fourteen are tested.

Abstract translation: 用于计数核闪烁的方法和装置，特别是含有氚的样品中的活性，从由于随机噪声引起的脉冲与核粒子的相互作用而分离从闪烁体发射的脉冲。 该系统使用单个光电倍增管（12），其输出在两路径电路（22,32）之间分配。 当另一个路径（22）输出具有在预选时段内出现的预选数量的分量光子响应脉冲时，脉冲高度分析器（46）提供输出，当一个路径（32）具有预选幅度的积分输出信号时。 只要来自闪烁体的特征输出相对于随机噪声脉冲的持续时间长，该系统可操作于许多闪烁材料。 如果满足功能标准，则优选实施例包含固体闪烁体，尽管液体材料可以被替代。 还讨论了如果测试了一些相对较高的能量同位素（如碳十四），则根据本发明的装置的响应。

公开(公告)号：WO1994005983A1

公开(公告)日：1994-03-17

申请号：PCT/US1993008153

申请日：1993-08-30

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01J01/08

CPC classification number: G01T1/40 ,  G01J1/08 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N21/76 ,  G01T7/00

Abstract: A normalization system for multi-photodetector single photon counting luminescent measuring systems and a standard for use in the same. The method comprises calculating one or more counting ratios for each photodetector in the single photon counting system and multiplying counts of unknown samples by the inverse of the appropriate counting ratio. A counting ratio for a particular photodetector is calculated by dividing the count of a standard measured by the photodetector by the count of the same standard measured by a reference photodetector. The particular standard developed employs calcium tungstate: lead as a scintillator and radio-active elements as tritium or carbon-14 thymidine as a means of exciting the scintillator. This standard has the advantages of providing a good model of typical luminescence chemistry and producing an emission pattern which is susceptible to single photon counting.

Abstract translation: 用于多光电探测器单光子计数发光测量系统的标准化系统及其使用的标准。 该方法包括计算单个光子计数系统中每个光电探测器的一个或多个计数比，并将未知样本的计数乘以适当计数比的倒数。 通过将由光电检测器测量的标准的计数除以由参考光电检测器测量的相同标准的计数来计算特定光电检测器的计数比。 开发的特定标准是使用钨酸钙：铅作为闪烁体，放射性活性元素作为氚或碳-14胸苷作为激发闪烁体的手段。 该标准具有提供典型发光化学的良好模型并产生易受单光子计数影响的发射图案的优点。

公开(公告)号：WO1996004571A1

公开(公告)日：1996-02-15

申请号：PCT/US1995009627

申请日：1995-07-31

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01T01/202

CPC classification number: G01T1/204

Abstract: A scintillation measurement system for measuring optical events produced by scintillators (19) in response to the radioactive decay of a constituent or constituents of a sample (10) to be measured comprises a sample support for positioning a sample in a sample well (11); a bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation crystal (19), such as Bi4Ge3O12, located adjacent the sample well; a plurality of photodetectors (16, 18) located outside the bismuth germanate crystal (19) for detecting optical events occuring in the sample well (11) or in the bismuth germanate crystal (19) and converting those optical events into electrical pulses; and a pulse analyzing system (40) for receiving the electrical pulses from the photodetectors and determining whether such pulses represent alpha, beta or gamma events. This system can be used with samples containing alpha, beta or gamma emitters, or any combination thereof.

Abstract translation: 用于测量由闪烁体（19）响应待测样品（10）的成分或成分的放射性衰变产生的光学事件的闪烁测量系统包括用于将样品定位在样品阱（11）中的样品支架; 位于样品井附近的锗酸铋（BGO）闪烁晶体（19），如Bi4Ge3O12; 位于锗酸铋晶体（19）外部的多个光电检测器（16,18），用于检测样品阱（11）或锗酸铋晶体（19）中发生的光学事件，并将这些光学事件转换为电脉冲; 以及脉冲分析系统（40），用于从光电检测器接收电脉冲并确定这样的脉冲是否表示α，β或γ事件。 该系统可用于含有α，β或γ发射体的样品，或其任何组合。

公开(公告)号：EP0721596A1

公开(公告)日：1996-07-17

申请号：EP95928690.0

申请日：1995-07-31

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01T1

CPC classification number: G01T1/204

Abstract: A scintillation measurement system for measuring optical events produced by scintillators (19) in response to the radioactive decay of a constituent or constituents of a sample (10) to be measured comprises a sample support for positioning a sample in a sample well (11); a bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation crystal (19), such as Bi4Ge3O12, located adjacent the sample well; a plurality of photodetectors (16, 18) located outside the bismuth germanate crystal (19) for detecting optical events occuring in the sample well (11) or in the bismuth germanate crystal (19) and converting those optical events into electrical pulses; and a pulse analyzing system (40) for receiving the electrical pulses from the photodetectors and determining whether such pulses represent alpha, beta or gamma events. This system can be used with samples containing alpha, beta or gamma emitters, or any combination thereof.

公开(公告)号：EP0721596B1

公开(公告)日：2000-04-19

申请号：EP95928690.7

申请日：1995-07-31

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01T1/202 ,  G01T1/208

CPC classification number: G01T1/204

Abstract: A scintillation measurement system for measuring optical events produced by scintillators (19) in response to the radioactive decay of a constituent or constituents of a sample (10) to be measured comprises a sample support for positioning a sample in a sample well (11); a bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation crystal (19), such as Bi4Ge3O12, located adjacent the sample well; a plurality of photodetectors (16, 18) located outside the bismuth germanate crystal (19) for detecting optical events occuring in the sample well (11) or in the bismuth germanate crystal (19) and converting those optical events into electrical pulses; and a pulse analyzing system (40) for receiving the electrical pulses from the photodetectors and determining whether such pulses represent alpha, beta or gamma events. This system can be used with samples containing alpha, beta or gamma emitters, or any combination thereof.

公开(公告)号：EP0156801A1

公开(公告)日：1985-10-09

申请号：EP83903332.0

申请日：1983-09-27

Applicant: Packard Instrument Company, Inc.

Inventor： VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01T1

CPC classification number: G01T1/208 ,  G01T1/178 ,  G01T1/38

Abstract: Procédé et appareil pour compter des scintillations nucléaires, en particulier l'activité régnant dans un spécimen contenant des éléments isolés de tritium dont les impulsions sont émises à partir d'un scintillateur en raison de l'interaction avec une particule nucléaire des impulsions attribuables au bruit de fond. Le système utilise un photomultiplicateur unique (12) dont la sortie est séparée en un circuit à deux branches (22, 32). Un analyseur d'amplitude d'impulsions (46) fournit une sortie lorsque une branche (32) comporte un signal de sortie intégré d'une amplitude prédéterminée, alors que la sortie de l'autre branche (22) comporte un nombre prédéterminé d'impulsions de réponse de photons survenant pendant un laps de temps prédéterminé. Le système peut fonctionner avec de nombreux matériaux de scintillation, pour autant que la sortie caractéristique du scintillateur soit longue par rapport à la durée d'une impulsion de bruit de fond. Le mode préférentiel de réalisation comporte un scintillateur solide, bien qu'il puisse être remplacé par un matériau liquide si les critères de foncttion sont satisfaits. Est également décrite la réponse d'un appareil conformément à la présente invention en cas de test de certains isotopes à énergie relativement grande, par exemple le carbone-quatorze.