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    Improvements in the cracking of hydrocarbons to gaseous olefines
    23.
    发明专利
    Improvements in the cracking of hydrocarbons to gaseous olefines 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB926844A

    公开(公告)日：1963-05-22

    申请号：GB942461

    申请日：1961-03-15

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： NONNENMACHER HELMUT ,  ENGELBACH HEINZ ,  SINN RICHARD

    IPC: B01J8/24 ,  C10G9/32 ,  C10G47/30

    Abstract: In the production of gaseous olefins by cracking hydrocarbons such as crude oil or a crude oil distillate at 680 DEG -850 DEG C. in the presence of fluidized, hot, inert, heat carrier particles which circulate between the reactor and a regenerator where the heat necessary for the cracking is supplied by burning carbon deposits on the particles and by combustion of part of the oil residues boiling above 200 DEG C. from the product which have been used to quench the vapour leaving the reactor to below 400 DEG C., the particles used have a grain size between 0,05 and 4 mm., at least 10% having a size above 1 mm. The feedstock, having a final boiling point of 200 DEG -400 DEG C., is injected into reactor 1 by line 9 where it is contacted with a fluidized bed of hot inert solids, e.g. aluminium silicate containing more than 50% by weight of alumina, corundum, sillimanite or mullite. The cyclone 11 is adjusted so that the vapours leaving it still contain 5-50 grams of solid per normal cubic meter which prevent carbon deposits in the exit pipe. The vapours are quenched in vessel 13 with residual oil from line 15; this also removes the solids from the vapours. From receiver 17 the vapours are introduced into fractionating column 19 where gases and gasoline are recovered overhead, fuel oil by line 28, a rinsing oil for pump 26 by line 25 and quenching oil by line 24. Solids leave reactor 1 by standpipe 3 which is at an angle to the vertical of not more than 20 degrees and passed to regenerator 2 by riser 4 using air, flue gas or nitrogen introduced by line 30; the amount of solid leaving the reactor is regulated by a gas stream 29. In the regenerator carbon deposits and oil from line 32 are burned with sufficient excess oxygen to ensure an oxygen content of 0,3-3% by volume in the flue gas. This gas may be used as a conveying gas. Solids are returned to the reactor by pipes 5 and 6, steam being used as the conveying gas. Steam is also preferably used as the fluidizing gas.

    A process for the continuous substitutionary chlorination of mono-olefines
    24.
    发明专利
    A process for the continuous substitutionary chlorination of mono-olefines 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB906419A

    公开(公告)日：1962-09-19

    申请号：GB4241360

    申请日：1960-12-09

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： ENGELBACH HEINZ ,  NONNENMACHER HELMUT ,  OSTERMAYER HANS

    IPC: C07C17/10

    Abstract: Mono-olefines containing 2-5 carbon atoms are chlorinated by substitution by reaction with chlorine in the gas phase at 250-600 DEG C. in the presence of a moving solid inert heat carrier, the chlorine and olefine being premixed and the mixture reacting in an upwardly moving stream in the presence of the heat carrier which also moves upwardly and which enters the reaction zone at 250-600 DEG C., the residence time of the reactants in the reaction zone being 0.05-5 seconds; separating the heat carrier and recovering the chlorination products. Preferred sets of conditions are the use of ethylene or propylene at 450-550 DEG C. and an olefine: chlorine ratio of 2-5:1; and the use of butene-2 at 350-550 DEG C. and a butene:chlorine ratio of 1-3:1. Other specified starting materials are butene-1, isobutene and pentene-2. In examples (1) ethylene gives vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and dichloroethylenes; (2) propylene gives allyl chloride, 1-chloropropene and 1,2-dichloropropane; and butene-2 gives 1,4-dichlorobutene-2, 1-chlorobutene-2 and 2,3-dichlorobutene.

    25.
    发明专利
    未知

    公开(公告)号：DE3540517A1

    公开(公告)日：1987-05-21

    申请号：DE3540517

    申请日：1985-11-15

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： ENGELBACH HEINZ ,  KROKOSZINSKI ROLAND ,  FRANZISCHKA WOLFGANG ,  DECKER MARTIN

    IPC: C07B61/00 ,  B01J23/22 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C253/00 ,  C07C253/28 ,  C07C255/50 ,  C07C255/51 ,  C07C121/56 ,  C07C120/14 ,  B01J23/84

    Abstract: Aromatic nitriles, in particular phthalodinitriles, are prepared from an appropriately alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon by catalytic oxidation with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of ammonia at elevated temperatures in the vapor phase, in the presence of a catalyst which contains from 2 to 10% by weight of vanadium(V) oxide, from 1 to 10% by weight of antimony(III) oxide, from 0.02 to 2% by weight of an alkali metal oxide and alumina, by a process in which from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of an alkaline earth metal, or of a compound of an alkaline earth metal, in particular barium or a barium compound, is added to the catalyst.

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