Abstract:
The headbox apparatus of this invention contributes to the production of paper web (24) uniform fiber orientation by controlling the edge flow of stock into the headbox nozzle (36) through adjustable valves (44) positioned in edge tubes (32) in closed loop with a fiber orientation sensor (68). At the same time that fiber orientation is being controlled through adjustable valves (44) positioned in the edge tube (32), basis weight of the web being formed is controlled by stock dilution systems (74) and an adjustable slice lip (62), in closed loop with a basis weight profiler sensor (70).
Abstract:
A Y-shaped flow splitter (36) passes papermaking fluid with some fibers with reduced clogging and has a flat surface (68) opposite the leg (44) of the Y where the flow divides into the two arms (46) of the Y. A generally flat rectangular surface is positioned opposite the leg of the Y of the flow splitter which divides the flow evenly without providing a place for fibers to collect and thus clog the flow through the splitter. The splitter allows the flow to a pair of dilution tubes to be controlled by a single valve with a single flow passage reducing clogging and valve cost. The flow splitter is constructed of stainless steel by a casting process. A process known commercially as the Extrudehone process is used to produce smooth flow passages.
Abstract:
A flow system apparatus has a dual chamber for directing countercurrent flows of coating within the chambers from inlet to exit ends in each chamber. Each chamber has a plurality of longitudinally extending flow openings for permitting the coating flowing within a chamber to exit from the chamber in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal flow within the chamber. The flow openings in both of the chambers are connected to a mixing chamber where their flows are combined to be directed into a coater head for application to a traveling paper web substantially uniformly along an opening extending across the web substantially perpendicular to the direction of web travel. In a preferred embodiment, control of the flow of the aqueous slurry near the edges of the traveling paper web is effected by a plurality of control openings extending between the dual chambers near their inlet and exit ends. The overflow from the exit ends of each of the dual chambers can either be recycled into the system producing the aqueous flow, or it can be redirected into the inlet ends of either of the dual chambers.
Abstract:
When an ultrasonic transducer for detecting flaws in metal plates or the wall of a metal cylinder is directed at a surface to be inspected at a particular angle, about ten percent of the signal will appear as Harris waves which propagate into the test plate at ninety degrees to the surface. This signal which propagates vertically is polarized, with the result that the signal has a greatly improved signal to noise ratio. For an incident medium of water and employing shear wave refracting in the medium of cast iron the specific angle is approximately 33 degrees form the vertical for best signal to noise ratio. For steel the specific angle is approximately 31 degrees and is about 50 degrees for brass. Shear or longitudinal waves can be employed to affect the detection of subsurface defects with the particular angle changing depending on the relation of the velocity of the sound waves in the refracting medium to the velocity of sound waves in the incident medium.
Abstract:
The invention pertains a rider roll unit for winding machines with at least one support or carrier drum for winding web-like material to be wound: with at least one rider roll (1) rotatably mounted to a tie-bar (2) for placing the roll (12) to be wound under a load, as a function of its diameter; with pivotably mounted arms (3) to support the tie-bar (2); and with drive means (9) for pivoting the support arms (3) as a function of the change in diameter of the roll (12) to be wound. For optimizing the winding structure, the tie-bar (2) with the rider roll (1) can pivot at the support arms (3) around the first axle (10) parallel to the support roll, and a guide-bar (4) hinged at the tie-bar (2) around a second axle (11) parallel to the support roll causes a forced pivoting of the tie-bar (2) with the rider roll (1) about the first axle (10), when the tie-bar (2) with the rider roll (1) is lifted in accordance with the increasing diameter of the roll, so that the acting direction of the rider roll (1) changes on the roll (12). Thus, the operating direction of the rider roll is always at a right angle with respect to the surface of the wound roll making it possible to use highly sensitive control means to control the contact pressure.
Abstract:
This invention describes a mixer which includes a rotatable hollow cage vaned rotor in combination with an offset stator having at least one foil on the stator. Also described is an apparatus for medium pulp mixing which includes an essentially cylindrical entry section, a mixing zone adjacent to the entry section, the mixing zone utilizing the rotatable hollow cage vaned rotor in combination with an offset stator having at least one foil on the stator and an exit section adjacent to the mixing section. The apparatus may include a chemical addition component, the location of which can either be within the entry section or an orifice on the stator tongue.
Abstract:
A refiner disk or disk segment is cast from a stainless steel alloy having a composition of 0.2 percent to 0.4 percent carbon, 0.5 to 1.5 percent manganese, 0.5 percent to 1.5 percent silicon, a maximum of 0.05 percent sulfur, a maximum of 0.05 percent phosphorus, 14 percent to 18 percent chromium, 2 percent to 5 percent nickel, 2 percent to 5 percent copper, a maximum of 1 percent molybdenum, and 1.5 percent to 2.5 percent niobium, the balance being iron. The Niobium forms discrete carbides at high temperatures during the melting process. Upon cooling, the carbides are distributed evenly throughout the structure. This resultant alloy provides toughness and corrosion resistance like a lower carbon alloy plus increased wear resistance due to the carbide formation. The alloy utilizes chromium to impart corrosion resistance, the process of tying up carbon as discrete, non-chromium carbides increases the amount of chromium present to provide corrosion resistance.
Abstract:
An applicator head is positioned beneath a backing roll over which a substrate can be drawn. The applicator head has a housing which contains a pond of coating material between an up machine overflow lip and a down machine extraction plate or premetering plate. Coating material at a relatively low velocity flows into the pond adjacent to the overflow lip. The premetering plate extends radially from the coating inlet to a position proximate to and converging with the backing roll, where it premeters the amount of coating applied to the substrate. The premetering plate preferably has a plurality of holes through which coating and air are drawn. A metering element is spaced downstream of the premetering plate, and a low pressure area is constructed therebetween. Air and coating are drawn from the low pressure area through a valve, and the pressure thereby controlled.
Abstract:
A single roll wash press comprising a housing and a drum rotatably mounted within the housing. The drum includes a perforated outer wall and a longitudinally extending centerline axis and is rotatable about the axis. The press further comprises a means for receiving a flow of pulp having an inital consistency ranging from about 2 % o.d. to about 6 % o.d. such that the pulp flows in the direction of drum rotation, and a means for defining a divergent formation zone and for forming a mat of the pulp on the drum within the divergent formation zone. The means for defining and forming comprises a first arcuate portion of the housing with the formation zone being divergent between upstream and downstream ends thereof. The upstream end of the divergent formation zone communicates with the means for receiving the flow of the pulp. The press further includes a means for washing the pulp mat within a displacement zone disposed downstream of the extraction zone. The press may further include a means for increasing the consistency of the pulp within an extraction zone disposed circumferentially between the formation and displacement zones.