Abstract:
A material system and method for imparting non-stick and non-wetting properties to an inorganic article having hydroxyl groups on its surface, the system comprising a silane having the formula RnSiX4-n, wherein n is 1-2 and X is a hydrolyzable group, a colloidal metal oxide sol, and an acidified aqueous mixture with a lower alkanol.
Abstract:
A photochromic glass with the compsn. (wt.%, oxide basis) 52-58 SiO2, 16-21 B2O3, 6-9 Al2O3, 1.5-2.8 ZrO2, 2-3.5 Li2O, 0-2.5 Na2O, 4-8 K2O, 2-3.5 CaO and 1.2-2.5 TiO2, with 0.15-0.25 wt.% Ag, 0.06-0.13 wt.% Br, 0.25-0.40 wt.% Cl and 0.003-0.007 wt.% CuO as photochromic components and 2-10 ppm Au and up to 0.9% Er2O3 displays a pink hue in the darkened state, and bodies at 2 mm cross section have optical properties comprising: (i) luminous transmittance over 82% when undarkened, (ii) 20-32% and 35-55% darkened luminous transmittance after 15 min. exposure to actinic radiation at 25 deg. C and 40 deg. C respectively, (iii) a recovery of at least 30% in transmittance, to at least 50% transmittance, 5 min. after removal from exposure, and (iv) x and y trichromatic coordinates of 0.3500-0.3700 and 0.3250-0.3450 respectively.
Abstract:
There is proposed an optical amplifier apparatus particularly for use in networks distributing signals by optical fibers, comprising first and second parallel optical branches (1, 2), the first optical branch (1) including optical amplifier means (5, 6) for amplifying digital signals and the second optical branch including optical amplifier means (7) for amplifying analogue signals, the optical amplifier means (5, 6) of the first optical path (1) being adapted to amplify bi-directional digital signals and the optical amplifier means (7) of the second optical branch (2) being adapted to amplify unidirectional analogue signals.
Abstract:
According to the invention, a) at least the first and second compositions of this material in the fluid phase are prepared, b) a sheet (61) of the first composition is poured continuously onto a flat support (4), c) a sheet (62) of the second composition is poured continuously onto sheet (61) of the first composition, and d) the thermal interdiffusion of the materials of the two sheets is ensured so as to obtain the desired gradient of composition in the cooled bar.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a family of erbium-doped fluorophosphate glasses for use in optical signal amplification. The composition, based on 100 parts by weight, is constituted by: P2O5 15-40, A12O3 0-5, MgO 0-9, CaO 0-9, SrO 0-9, BaO 0-45, AlF3 5-25, MgF2 0-10, CaF2 0-25, SrF2 0-25, BaF2 0-20, KHF2 0-2, K2TiF6 0-2, with up to 10 parts by weight of erbium oxide. The glasses according to the present invention exhibit a high gain and a very flat spectrum over the 1550 nm bandwidth, as compared to the glasses of the figure. These glass compositions are particularly well suited for use in fiber or planar optical amplification in WDM and similar applications.
Abstract:
A multicomponent particulate gel includes 80-100 mole% SiO2, 1-10 mole% X2O, 1-10 mole% YO, 1-15 mole% Al2O3, and 0.1-5.0 weight% Er2O3, where X represents lithium, sodium, potassium, or mixtures thereof and Y represents calcium, barium, magnesium, lead or mixtures thereof, and the ratio of Al2O3 to (X2O+YO) is between about 0.9 and about 2.5. A process of manufacturing the gel includes hydrolyzing alkoxide derivatives of silicon, aluminum, erbium, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, magnesium, lead or mixtures thereof in water to generate their respective hydroxide derivatives; polymerizing the hydroxide derivatives to produce a gel slurry comprising an essentially silica network; and drying the gel slurry to produce the gel.
Abstract:
There is proposed an optical amplifier apparatus particularly for use in networks distributing signals by optical fibers, comprising first and second parallel optical branches (1, 2), the first optical branch (1) including optical amplifier means (5, 6) for amplifying digital signals and the second optical branch including optical amplifier means (7) for amplifying analogue signals, the optical amplifier means (5, 6) of the first optical path (1) being adapted to amplify bi-directional digital signals and the optical amplifier means (7) of the second optical branch (2) being adapted to amplify unidirectional analogue signals.