Abstract:
Un método para producir una película de un material compuesto que comprende las etapas de proporcionar un sustrato; depositar una película en el sustrato usando un material totalmente reaccionado, en el que la película depositada y el material totalmente reaccionado tienen una primera composición química que incluye al menos un primer elemento químico y al menos un segundo elemento químico; en el que dicha etapa de deposición de la película comprende las etapas de preparar el material totalmente reaccionado desde dicho al menos un primer elemento químico y dicho al menos un segundo elemento químico, formar al menos una diana de metalizado por bombardeo desde el material totalmente reaccionado y metalizar por bombardeo el material totalmente reaccionado sobre el sustrato; en el que dicha primera composición química comprende Cu, In, Ga y Se y el que dicho al menos un segundo elemento químico se selecciona de entre Se, S y Te; habiendo reaccionado previamente el material totalmente reaccionado para formar uniones químicas entre los diferentes elementos químicos; inducir al menos una reacción química en la película depositada usando una fuente que contiene el al menos un segundo elemento químico para incrementar por tanto el contenido del al menos un segundo elemento químico en la película depositada por lo que la película depositada tiene una segunda composición química; en el que el contenido del al menos un segundo elemento químico en la segunda composición química es mayor que el contenido del al menos un segundo elemento químico en la primera composición química para producir una película estequiométrica que tiene una única fase cristalina.
Abstract:
An electro-optic device includes at least one electro-optic module having first and second conductive layers and at least first and second semiconductor layers disposed between the conductive layers. At least one optically transparent, electrically insulating base substrate is disposed on the module. The base substrate has a plurality of grooves disposed therein and an electrically conducting material filling the grooves. Electrical contact is established between the conducting material and at least one of the conducting layers of the module.
Abstract:
A laminate film includes a plurality of planar photovoltaic semi-transparent modules disposed one on top of another and laminated to each other. Each of the modules includes a substrate, first and second conductive layers and at least first and second semiconductor layers disposed between the conductive layers. The first and second semiconductor layers define a junction at an interface therebetween. At least one of the junctions is configured to convert a first spectral portion of optical energy into an electrical voltage and transmit a second spectral portion of optical energy to another of the junctions that is configured to convert at least a portion of the second spectral portion of optical energy into an electrical voltage.
Abstract:
A method is provided for producing an electro-optic device having at least one optically transparent conducting layer with low electrical resistance. The method includes providing a composite substrate that includes an optically transparent and electrically insulating base substrate and an electrically conducting grid disposed in grooves located in the base substrate. Also provided is an electro-optical module having at least one transparent conducting layer. The composite substrate is attached onto the electro-optic module such that electrical contact is established between the grid and the transparent conducting layer of the electro-optic module.
Abstract:
A photovoltaic device is provided which includes a plurality of junction layers. Each junction layer includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells electrically connected to one another. At least one of the junction layers is at least in part optically transmissive. The junction layers are arranged in a stack on top of each other.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus is provided for using a renewable source of energy such as solar, wind or geothermal energy. The method includes generating electric energy from a renewable form of energy at a plurality of locations at which reside an electric power line associated with an electric power grid. The electric energy generated at each location is transferred to the electric power line to thereby supply electric energy to the electric power grid.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus of forming compositionally homogeneous particles is provided. The method includes forming a homogenous melt from a plurality of constituent materials under a first pressure sufficient to prevent substantial vaporization of the constituent materials. Droplets are generated from the homogenous melt. The droplets are cooled under a second pressure sufficient to prevent substantial vaporization of the constituent materials at least until the homogeneous particles formed therefrom have stabilized.