Abstract:
A shock wave reactor (11a, 11b, 102) for thermal cracking of hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, comprising a casing (4) wherein a duct (10) is formed with inlet (6, 6a) and outlet (7); a rotor (1, 1a) the periphery of which contains an axial- flow blade cascade (2); wherein the casing substantially encloses the periphery of the rotor (la) and a number of stationary vane cascades (8, 9) inside the duct, and further wherein the cascades (2, 8, 9) are configured to direct feedstock containing process stream to repeatedly pass said cascades in accordance with helical trajectory while propagating within the duct between the inlet and outlet and to generate stationary shock-waves to heat the feedstock. The axial- flow rotor cascade (2) is configured to provide kinetic energy and to add velocity to the feedstock containing process stream, and the stationary vanes located downstream the rotor cascade (2) are configured to reduce the velocity of the stream and convert kinetic energy into heat. The reactor may be configured for the realization of thermal cracking processes utilizing hydrocarbons; however it may be utilized for processing carbohydrate- and glyceride-based feedstock, including processing of gaseous biomass matter. Related methods for processing feedstock matter are presented.
Abstract:
Provided is graphite group that, when observed with a transmission electron microscope, has a laminated surface spacing of 0.2-1 nm, includes graphite pieces measuring 1.5-10 nm in a direction perpendicular to the laminating direction, the laminating direction of the graphite pieces being irregular.
Abstract:
An implosion reactor tube is provided, including: a receptacle body having a tube shape open at a first end; a cylinder positioned within the receptacle body; a mixing chamber at a second end of the receptacle body; the mixing chamber defined by a baffle; the baffle having a plurality of inner passages proximate to the cylinder allowing fluid passage through the baffle and a plurality of outer passages proximate to the receptacle body allowing passage of air and fuel through said baffle; a fuel and air inlet for allowing the air and fuel to enter the mixing chamber; and a flash igniter for igniting the air and fuel.
Abstract:
A diamond-containing material having the following element content ratio in per cent by weight: carbon 75-90, hydrogen 0.6-1.5, nitrogen 1.0-4.5, oxygen the balance, the following phase content ratio in per cent by weight: roentgen amorphous diamond-like phase 10-30, diamond of cubic modification the balance, and having a porous structure. 10-20 % of the surface of the material consists of methyl, nitryl and hydroxyl groups of two types, as well as functional oxycarbonic groups of the general formula O=R where R represents =COH, =COOH, =CO, =C6H4O or any of their combinations, and 1-2 % of the surface consists of carbon atoms with non-compensated links. A method for obtaining said material consists in detonation of a carbon-containing explosive substance with negative oxygen balance, or a mixture of explosive substances, in a closed volume in the atmosphere of gases inert to carbon, with an oxygen content of 0.1-6.0 % by volume, at a temperature of 303-363K and in the presence of ultradispersed carbon phase with concentration of 0.01-0.15 kg/m.
Abstract translation:含有金刚石的材料具有以重量百分比计的以下元素含量比率:碳75-90,氢0.6-1.5,氮1.0-4.5,氧余量,以下相重量百分比的相含量比率:伦琴非晶态金刚石 10-30相,立方体改性金刚石天平,具有多孔结构。 材料表面的10-20%由两种类型的甲基,硝基和羟基以及通式O = R的官能氧基团组成,其中R代表= COH,= COOH,= CO,= C 6 H 4 O或 它们的任何组合,以及表面的1-2%由具有非补偿链接的碳原子组成。 获得所述材料的方法包括在惰性气体气氛中在封闭体积中对具有负氧平衡的含碳爆炸物质或爆炸物质的混合物进行爆轰,氧气含量为0.1-6.0% 在303-363K的温度下并且在浓度为0.01-0.15kg / m的超分散碳相存在下进行。