Abstract:
A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures or pipe hammer by introducing a gas into a flow conduit in such an amount that the introduced gas is in excess of that required to saturate the liquid. Preferably, the gases are those which are relatively inert or not unduly reactive and which possess relatively low saturation levels with respect to the liquid. Desirably, the gas is added through a member to the flow conduit in a vicinity of high turbulence. The surge suppression system can be utilized in generally any liquid system and particularly in a liquid transmission system.Another embodiment pertains to a scrubber or washer for generally purifying gases and may contain one or two stages to efficiently remove impurities as through the use of high solubility fluids, fluids which decompose contaminants or which contain or provide (i.e., heating stage) catalysts to decompose contaminants, oxidizing agents, or reducing agents. The scrubber contains a packed bed and the packing may be characterized as one where the inside hydraulic radius equals the hydraulic radius of the external flow channels. The washer or scrubber type apparatus is particularly suitable for treating (purifying) materials such as ozone utilized in a deodorizing or disinfecting system.
Abstract:
A gas pipe integrated block includes a plurality of internal pipe paths. The plurality of internal pipe paths are connected to a nitrogen-free ozone generator in which a photocatalytic material for generating ozone is applied to a discharge surface, a controller (an MFC, a gas filter, and an APC), a raw material gas supply port, and an ozone gas output port. Thereby, a raw material gas input pipe path extending from the raw material gas supply port through the APC to the nitrogen-free ozone gas generator, and an ozone gas output pipe path extending from the nitrogen-free ozone generator through the gas filter and the MFC to the ozone gas output port, are formed in an integrated unit.
Abstract:
A selective catalytic reduction catalyst capable of reducing the NOx in exhaust gas to N2 is arranged in an exhaust pipe of an engine. Fluid feed means has a fluid injecting nozzle facing the exhaust pipe on the exhaust gas upstream side from the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The fluid feed means is configured such that a urea fluid that functions as a reducing agent is fed with the selective catalytic reduction catalyst from the fluid injecting nozzle to the exhaust pipe. Ozone feed means includes an ozone injecting nozzle that faces the exhaust pipe on the exhaust gas upstream side from the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, and on the exhaust gas upstream side or the exhaust gas downstream side from the fluid injecting nozzle. The ozone feed means is configured such that ozone is fed from the ozone injecting nozzle to the exhaust pipe.
Abstract:
A method of generating ozone by applying a silent discharge to oxygen as a first raw material gas, and an oxide compound gas, as a second raw material gas, in which excited light, excited and generated by a discharge in the oxygen and the oxide compound gas, dissociates the oxide compound gas, or excites the oxide compound gas, accelerating dissociation of the oxygen and generation of ozone. In this way, ozone generation efficiency is raised.
Abstract:
An ozone generator for generating ozone by applying a specified process to oxygen by discharge includes a first raw material gas supply unit for supplying the oxygen as a first raw material gas, and a second raw material gas supply unit for supplying an oxide compound gas as a second raw material gas, in which, by excited light, excited and generated by a discharge in the oxygen and the oxide compound gas, the oxide compound gas is dissociated, or the oxide compound gas is excited accelerating dissociation of the oxygen, and ozone is generated. In this way, ozone generation efficiency is raised.
Abstract:
There is provided a highly efficient and compact ozone generating apparatus in which a very short air gap of about 0.2 mm is formed at high accuracy. Non-discharge portions are dispersed and disposed to cover an entire discharge space, or a spacer is provided to form the non-discharge portion. Further, an elastic body is mounted on a back face of an electrode, thereby enhancing an air gap accuracy of the discharge space.
Abstract:
A corona discharge generator is disclosed, and includes a central tube of electrically conducting material circumscribed by a glass tube having an electrically conducting coating on its exterior surface and being sealed to the exterior surface of the central tube at opposites ends of the glass tube. The central tube is blocked within the longitudinal extent of the glass tube, and provided with holes between the interior of the central tube and the annular enclosure formed between the central tube and the glass tube, toward the opposite ends of the glass tube. Oxygen-containing gas flows along the central tube, out a first hole or holes to the enclosure, along the enclosure and back through one or more holes into the central tube on the downstream side of the blockage. A pulsed electrical signal is applied to the two tubular electrodes to effect a corona discharge within the enclosure, thereby producing ozone. An electrical circuit is disclosed to provide such a pulse signal of variable frequency whereby the rate of production of ozone may be selected.
Abstract:
A rotary distributor arm comprising improved distribution nozzles and flow control accomplished by a gradual taper of the arm itself is defined which ensures a uniform flow distribution across the full radius of the distributing medium so that uniformity and optimum economy and efficiency are achieved with respect to the trickling filter itself because a uniform fluid flow is distributed across the entire top surface thereof.
Abstract:
A gas-liquid mixing system for effecting selective bacterial reduction, generalized disinfection, sterilization or other gas treatment of the liquid. The system utilizes essential gravitational head and/or pumps in conjunction with a process flow line which may operate under a hydraulic pressure gradient which has an inlet at one end for receiving the untreated liquid and an outlet at its opposite end, one or more local areas of high momentum exchange, and one or more injectors for the introduction of a gas into the process line. The injectors are located so as to introduce the gas into the liquid downstream from the areas of high momentum exchange where the static pressure is at least partially regained. The gas may consist of air, oxygen, or an oxygen-ozone mixture, either alone or mixed with a carrier gas.