Abstract:
According to one embodiment, an X-ray tube includes an anode target, a cathode including a filament and a convergence electrode which includes a groove portion, and an envelope. The groove portion includes a pair of first bottom surfaces which are located in the same plane as the filament and between which the filament is interposed in a width direction of the groove portion, and a pair of second bottom surfaces between which the filament and the pair of first bottom surfaces are interposed in a length direction of the groove portion and which are located closer to an opening of the groove portion than the pair of first bottom surfaces.
Abstract:
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for dynamically redistributing timing and synchronization in a packet switched network are provided. One method includes creating, by a slave node, a peer list comprising an identifier of at least one peer slave node that shares a same master node as the slave node or that has a certain predefined affinity with the slave node. The method may also include announcing a holdover time of the slave node to the at least one peer slave node, and, when a predefined event occurs, announcing to the at least one peer slave node that the slave node is taking on a mini-master role for at least the announced holdover time.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method, as well as a device and a computer program, for monitoring a first time base of a first communication device and a second time base of a second communication device with the aid of a computer. In a first sequence, Christian's algorithm is used in measurement steps (n) to calculate time offset intervals of a time offset between the time bases. In a second sequence, the maximally possible drift (Ωo) of the time offset is ascertained multiple times for two measurement steps (n, n+x) while taking into consideration the lower limit of the time offset interval for the previous measurement step and the upper limit of the time offset interval for the subsequent measurement step, and a minimally possible drift (Ωu) is ascertained while taking into consideration the upper limit of the time offset interval for the previous measurement step and the lower limit of the time offset interval for the subsequent measurement step. The upper limit of a drift interval (CDW) is calculated while taking into consideration the maximally possible drift, and the lower limit of the drift interval is calculated while taking into consideration the minimally possible drift. In a third sequence, the lowest upper limit is defined as the upper limit of a resulting drift interval (RCDW) for the relative drift from multiple drift intervals (CDW), and the highest lower limit is defined as the lower limit of the resulting drift interval (RCDW) with advantageously narrow limits for the relative drift.
Abstract:
THE INVENTION RELATES TO A METHOD OF SYNCHRONIZING A RECEIVED SIGNAL FRAME IN A TDMA RADIO SYSTEM WITH A LOCALLY GENERATED (TR) TRAINING SEQUENCE AND OF DETERMINING A CHANNEL ESTIMATE BASED ON THE COMPARISON OF THE RECEIVED SIGNAL FRAME AND THE LOCALLY GENERATED TRAINING SEQUENCE. A FIRST VECTOR COMPRISING M CORRELATION VALUES IS CALCULATED. IN THIS VECTOR THE POSITION MW OF THE CENTRE OF ENERGY IS DETERMINED. A SECOND VECTOR COMPRISING N CONSECUTIVE CORRELATION VALUES DISTRIBUTED AROUND THE CENTRE OF ENERGY MW IS CHOSEN TO FORM THE CHANNEL ESTIMATE. THE CENTRE OF ENERGY IN THE SECOND VECTOR CAN BE CHOSEN AS SYNCHRONIZING POSITION.(FIG. 4)
Abstract:
The electron emitter device (20) has an electron emitter. A gate electrode (25) is located above the emitter and defines a region through which electrons are emitted from the device. A magnetic device is located in the region of the gate electrode. The magnetic device increases the confinement of the electrons within a central part of the region. The gate electrode is located above the magnetic device. The magnetic device is provided by a layer of magnetic material (24) with an orifice aligned with the region defined by the gate electrode. An emitter includes a substrate (21) with a layer of insulating material (23). The substrate supports the electron emitter and the layer of insulating material supports the layer of magnetic material. The combined thickness of the layer of magnetic material and the insulating layer is about 1 micron.
Abstract:
A fast adjustment of sampling clock phase may be accomplished by calculating the values of the pre-oscillations and post-oscillations that would have been present at each sampling instant to form a correction value so that they may then be subtracted from the measured sample value and only the influence of the distorted unique word remains. Usable control information for readjusting the phase of the sampling clock may thus be derived after only one frame synchronization word has been detected. In a preferred embodiment, the required pre-oscillation and post-oscillation values are derived from the regenerated character data; rather than correcting the sample values themselves, correction values are derived which are used to correct quantities derived from the sample values. The transmission coefficients of the transmission path used to derive the required pre-oscillation and post-oscillation values from the regenerated characters may be either established a priori or derived from the equalization coefficients of an otherwise conventional adaptive equalizer.
Abstract:
The present invention is to provide a mobile communication terminal with a GPS function capable of further varying the positioning performance of each positioning mode preinstalled in the terminal. A GPS positioning section of the mobile communication terminal with the GPS function can perform positioning in a plurality of positioning modes using the A-GPS system. When a GPS control section of the mobile communication terminal with the GPS function causes the GPS positioning section to perform positioning, the GPS control section sets a positioning mode in the GPS positioning section, varies an allowable error of a communication synchronizing clock established between the terminal and a base station as a parameter relating to the positioning performance of GPS positioning based on the A-GPS system in which a fixed value has been conventionally used, and sets the allowable error in GPS positioning means.