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    Holographic diffraction grating system for rapid scan spectral analysis
    332.
    发明授权
    Holographic diffraction grating system for rapid scan spectral analysis 失效
    全息衍射光栅系统用于快速扫描光谱分析

    公开(公告)号：US4285596A

    公开(公告)日：1981-08-25

    申请号：US825155

    申请日：1977-08-16

    Applicant: Isaac J. Landa

    Inventor： Isaac J. Landa

    IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/31

    CPC classification number: G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/024 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/2889 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01J2003/1273 ,  G01J2003/2853 ,  G01J3/1838

    Abstract: An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed by a unique cam drive structure comprising identically shaped conjugate cams. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having dark segments for drift correction is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. Source optics is employed to optimally shape the light source for particular applications. The system optics further includes a unique arrangement of lenses, including cylindrical lenses, to obtain the best light source shape which results in maximum light throughput. Fiber optics are also employed and arranged to meet the optimum requirements of the system for light collection and transmission through portions of the optical system.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种改进的光学系统，用于对样品的反射率或透射率进行快速，准确的光谱分析。 利用以高速振荡的凹面全息衍射光栅，通过一系列波长快速扫描单色光。 光栅通过包括相同形状的共轭凸轮的独特的凸轮驱动结构以非常高的速度被正向驱动。 光栅的快速扫描使得能够通过大量循环的平均来减少噪声误差。 它还减少测量时间，从而防止过度暴露于光能的样品加热。 具有用于漂移校正的暗段的滤光轮在光路中旋转并与光栅同步。 源光学器件用于为特定应用最佳地形成光源。 系统光学器件还包括透镜的独特布置，包括柱面透镜，以获得最佳的光源形状，其导致最大光通量。 还采用并布置光纤以满足通过光学系统的部分的光收集和透射的系统的最佳要求。

    Opto-acoustic spectroscopy employing amplitude and wavelength modulation
    333.
    发明授权
    Opto-acoustic spectroscopy employing amplitude and wavelength modulation 失效
    使用振幅和波长调制的光学光谱

    公开(公告)号：US4051371A

    公开(公告)日：1977-09-27

    申请号：US680622

    申请日：1976-04-26

    Applicant: C. Forbes Dewey, Jr. ,  Lon O. Hocker

    Inventor： C. Forbes Dewey, Jr. ,  Lon O. Hocker

    IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/26

    CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/1702

    Abstract: An intense light source, preferably of high monochromaticity, having its beam modulated at a frequency f.sub.o through a wavelength range including an absorption line of a species to be detected, energizes a chamber containing a sample of the species. The modulation frequency may also be a multiple or sub-multiple of the natural resonant accoustic frequency of the sample chamber. A microphone in the sample chamber provides an output signal proportional to the concentration of the species. The radiation beam is further incident upon a calibration chamber containing a predetermined concentration of the species. A microphone in the calibration chamber provides a calibration signal for comparison with the sample signal to determine the concentration of the species in the sample cell. Means are provided for adjusting the center of the wavelength modulation range so that it bears a known relation to the center of the species absorption line.

    Two-beam photometer with rotatable graded interference filter
    334.
    发明授权
    Two-beam photometer with rotatable graded interference filter 失效
    双光束光度计具有可旋转的等级干涉滤光片

    公开(公告)号：US4017191A

    公开(公告)日：1977-04-12

    申请号：US588750

    申请日：1975-06-20

    Applicant: Konrad Bunge

    Inventor： Konrad Bunge

    IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/427 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01N21/24

    CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/427 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01J2003/1234

    Abstract: The two-beam photometer is suitable for extinction measurement on weakly-absorbent samples. The principle of measurement is based on a wavelength selection in either the comparison beam and the measuring beam. In the beam configuration measuring and comparison beam are coincident in space and follow each other periodically. The wavelength ranges in measuring beam and comparison beam is selected by a graded interference filter which is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis and rotatable about this axis. In the zone of the graded interference filter the path of the beam is formed by two narrowly limited beams symmetrically to the optical axis. Both beams are produced preferably by two light sources whose distance may be varied in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis while the symmetry with respect to the optical axis is maintained.

    Abstract translation: 双光束光度计适用于弱吸收样品的消光测量。 测量原理基于比较光束和测量光束中的波长选择。 在光束配置中，测量和比较光束在空间中重合并且周期性地彼此跟随。 测量光束和比较光束中的波长范围由渐变干涉滤光片选择，该滤光片垂直于光轴布置并可围绕该轴线旋转。 在渐变干涉滤光片的区域中，光束的路径由对称于光轴的两个狭窄受限的光束形成。 两个光束优选地由两个光源产生，其两个光源的距离可以在垂直于光轴的方向上变化，同时保持相对于光轴的对称性。

    Method of determining the concentration ratio of two substances
    335.
    发明授权
    Method of determining the concentration ratio of two substances 失效
    确定两种物质浓度比的方法

    公开(公告)号：US3994592A

    公开(公告)日：1976-11-30

    申请号：US630520

    申请日：1975-11-10

    Applicant: Marcel A. Lardon ,  Thaddaus Kraus

    Inventor： Marcel A. Lardon ,  Thaddaus Kraus

    IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/46

    CPC classification number: G01J3/433

    Abstract: The concentration ratio of two components of a mixture of substances, having absorption bands which are adjacent each other in a manner such that the radiation absorption of the mixture of substances has a minimum between these absorption bands, is determined by measuring, in three adjacent, narrow spectral regions, of the radiation transmitted by the mixture of substances, a variable which is proportional to the ratio .DELTA..sup.1 I / .DELTA..sup.2 I wherein the numerator .DELTA..sup.1 I = (I.sub.3 - I.sub.1) is the difference between the intensities of radiation of the two outer spectral regions, and the denominator .DELTA..sup.2 I = (I.sub.3 - I.sub.2) -(I.sub.2 - I.sub.1) is the value by which the respective differences between the intensities of radiation of each outer spectral region and the middle spectral region differ from each other. The position, in the spectrum, of the three adjacent regions is adjusted so that they are located between the absorption maxima of the two components and where the numerator .DELTA..sup.1 I becomes zero at a definite concentration ratio which is preferably the ratio at which the highest accuracy of measurement is desired. Alternatively, the variable is proportional to the ratio I'/I", which is the ratio of the first derivative I' to the second derivative I" of the distribution of spectral intensity.

    Abstract translation: 具有彼此相邻的吸收带的物质混合物的两种成分的浓度比通过在三个相邻的条件下测量物质混合物的辐射吸收在这些吸收带之间具有最小值的方式来确定， 由物质混合物传播的辐射的窄光谱区域，与DELTA 1I / DELTA 2I比例成比例的变量，其中分子DELTA 1I =（I3-I1）是两个外部辐射强度之间的差异 光谱区域和分母DELTA 2I =（I3-I2） - （I2-I1）是每个外部光谱区域和中间光谱区域的辐射强度之间的相应差别彼此不同的值。 调整三个相邻区域的光谱中的位置，使得它们位于两个分量的吸收最大值之间，其中分子DELTA 1I以确定的浓度比变为零，其优选地为最高精度 需要测量。 或者，该变量与作为光谱强度分布的第一导数I'与第二导数I“的比率I'/ I”成比例。

    Method and apparatus for optically detecting the presence of an element in a substance
    336.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for optically detecting the presence of an element in a substance 失效
    用于光学检测物质中元素的存在的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US3740144A

    公开(公告)日：1973-06-19

    申请号：US3740144D

    申请日：1971-11-22

    Applicant: WALKER W

    Inventor： WALKER W

    IPC: A01K43/00 ,  G01J3/433

    CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  A01K43/00

    Abstract: A system for detecting blood in eggs in which a beam of substantially monochromatic light or at least light within a very narrow wavelength band in the region of 578 nanometers (nm) is passed through an egg to be tested. The band is continually shifted in wavelength a number of times per second between substantially the shortest and the mid-length wavelengths of the broader blood absorption band, i.e. 578 to 573 nm. In a preferred embodiment, this is effected by a Fabry-Perot type interference filter placed in a light beam and oscillated about an axis by an electromagnetic device. A photoelectric device senses the light transmitted by the egg and the output signal derived therefrom is compared with an oscillating signal transmitted in time with the oscillation of the filter. If one phase relation exists between such signals, the egg is rejected as having blood present therein and if an opposite phase relation exists, the egg is retained as clear.

    Abstract translation: 用于检测鸡蛋中的血液的系统，其中在578纳米（nm）区域内的基本单色光或至少在非常窄的波长带内的光通过待测试的蛋。 波段在更宽的血液吸收带的基本上最短和中长波长之间的波长上每秒持续移动多次，即578至573nm。 在一个优选实施例中，这是通过放置在光束中的法布里 - 珀罗型干涉滤光片实现的，并且通过电磁装置绕轴旋转。 光电装置感测由鸡蛋传播的光，并将从其产生的输出信号与在滤波器的振荡时间内传输的振荡信号进行比较。 如果这种信号之间存在一个相位关系，则蛋被拒绝，因为存在血液，如果存在相反的相位关系，则保持鸡蛋清澈。

    Dual-comb spectroscopy
    339.
    发明授权
    Dual-comb spectroscopy 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11796392B2

    公开(公告)日：2023-10-24

    申请号：US18063213

    申请日：2022-12-08

    Applicant: IRsweep AG

    Inventor： Stéphane Schilt ,  Pierre Brochard ,  Kenichi Komagata ,  Giulio Terrasanta ,  Andreas Hugi

    IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/10 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/062 ,  G01J3/42

    CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/10 ,  H01S5/0623 ,  H01S5/4006 ,  G01J2003/102 ,  G01J2003/423 ,  G01J2003/4332

    Abstract: A dual-comb spectrometer comprising two lasers outputting respective frequency combs having a frequency offset between their intermode beat frequencies. One laser acts as a master and the other as a follower. Although the master laser is driven nominally with a DC drive signal, the current on its drive input line nevertheless oscillates with an AC component that follows the beating of the intermode comb lines lasing in the driven master laser. This effect is exploited by tapping off this AC component and mixing it with a reference frequency to provide the required frequency offset, the mixed signal then being supplied to the follower laser as the AC component of its drive signal. The respective frequency combs in the optical domain are thus phase-locked relative to each other in one degree of freedom, so that the electrical signals obtained by multi-heterodyning the two optical signals are frequency stabilized.

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