Abstract:
The ingot mould of the invention includes a tubular metal member (4), of copper or copper alloy, cooled by water circulating against the outer wall thereof and causing the peripheral solidification of the cast metal as it contacts its inner wall. The mould also includes a non-cooled, heat-insulating refractory material feeder bush (9) for containing the liquid cast metal, extending above the cooled metal member (4) and defining therewith a continuous calibrating channel for the cast metal. A metal ring (16), cooled by an inner, horizontally circulating fluid, is inserted between said feeder bush (9) and the tubular member (4) and is aligned with the inner wall of said tubular member. The invention avoids deformations of the upper end of the cooled metal portion of the ingot mould.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a plant for hot forging of parts from bars (2), comprising means (8) for heating the bars (2), means (3) for the longitudinal displacement of the bars, a bar-cutter (9) for hot-cutting the billets to a length l and comprising a stop (11) for setting the length of the billet and means for holding the cut billet, means (12) for detecting the extremities of the bars (2) and means (10) for rejecting the billets having a length smaller than l. The detection means are comprised of at least one sensor (12) for sensing the image of the extremities of the bars, joined or not joined, said sensor being placed at a distance l from the bar-cutter (9) and a calculating machine determining the number n = L/l of billets from the detected extremity, the calculator being associated on the one hand to said sensor (12) and, on the other hand, to means (5) for measuring the length L1 of the bars.
Simplified title:机械组件用钢,使用该钢来制造机械组件的方法以及所制得之机械组件 STEEL FOR MECHANICAL COMPONENTS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL COMPONENTS USING THE STEEL AND MECHANICAL COMPONENTS PRODUCED IN THIS MANNER
Abstract in simplified Chinese:本发明系有关于一种机械组件用钢,其特征在于其组成,以重量百分率计,为:–0.19%≦C≦0.25%;–1.1%≦Mn≦1.5%;–0.8%≦Si≦1.2%;–0.01%≦S≦0.09%;–微量级≦P≦0.025%;–微量级≦Ni≦0.25%;–1%≦Cr≦1.4%;–0.10%≦Mo≦0.25%;–微量级≦Cu≦0.30%;–0.010%≦Al≦0.045%;–0.010%≦Nb≦0.045%;–0.0130%≦N≦0.0300%;–选择性使用之微量级≦Bi≦0.10%及/或微量级≦Pb≦0.12%及/或微量级≦Te≦0.015%及/或微量级≦Se≦0.030%及/或微量级≦Ca≦0.0050%;余量为来自制造操作之铁和杂质,该化学组成系经调整以使五次顶端淬火试验(Jominy test)的平均值J3m、J11m、J15m和J25m符合下述:α=|J11m–J3mx14/22–J25mx8/22|≦2.5HRC;及β=J3m–J15m≦9HRC。本发明亦有关一种使用此种钢来制造机械组件的方法,及一种依此方式制得之机械组件。
Abstract:
Pièce mécanique en acier à hautes caractéristiques et son procédé de fabrication Pièce mécanique en acier à hautes caractéristiques, caractérisée en ce que sa composition, en pourcentages pondéraux, est : 0,05% ≤ C ≤ 0,25%; 1,2% ≤ Mn ≤ 2%; 1% ≤ Cr ≤ 2,5%; (830 – 270 C% – 90 Mn% – 70 Cr%) ≤ 560; traces ≤ Si ≤ 1,5%; traces ≤ Ni ≤ 1%; traces ≤ Mo ≤ 0,5%; traces ≤ Cu ≤ 1%; traces ≤ V ≤ 0,3%; traces ≤ Al ≤ 0,1%; traces ≤ B ≤ 0,005%; traces ≤ Ti ≤ 0,03% traces ≤ Nb ≤ 0,06%; traces ≤ S ≤ 0,1%; traces ≤ Ca ≤ 0,006%; traces ≤ Te ≤ 0,03%; traces ≤ Se ≤ 0,05%; traces ≤ Bi ≤ 0,05%; traces ≤ Pb ≤ 0,1%; le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration et en ce que sa structure est bainitique et contient au plus 20% au total de martensite et/ou fernite pro- eutectoïde et/ou perlite. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce mécanique ayant cette composition.
Abstract translation:具有高性能的钢制机械部件及其制造方法。 由具有高性能的钢制成的机械部件,其特征在于,其重量百分比的组成为:0.05%= C = 0.25%; 1.2%= Mn = 2%; 1%= Cr = 2.5%; (830-270℃%-90Mn%-70%Cr%)= 560; 痕量= Si = 1.5%; 痕量= Ni = 1%; 痕量= Mo = 0.5%; 痕量= Cu = 1%; 痕量= V = 0.3%; 痕量= Al = 0.1%; 痕量= B = 0.005%; 痕量= Ti = 0.03%trace = Nb = 0.06%; 痕量= S = 0.1%; 痕量= Ca = 0.006%; 痕量= Te = 0.03%; 痕量= Se = 0.05%; 痕量= Bi = 0.05% 痕量= Pb = 0.1%; 余量为铁和冶炼产生的杂质,其结构为贝氏体,总共含有马氏体和/或共析过的蕨类和/或珍珠岩的总量的20%。 具有该组成的机械部件的制造方法。
Abstract:
Acier à ressorts à tenue en fatigue élevée à l'air et sous corrosion et à haute résistance à l'avachissement cyclique, de composition, en pourcentages pondéraux : C = 0,45 - 0,70% Si = 1,65 - 2,50% Mn = 0,20 - 0,75% Cr = 0,60 - 2% Ni = 0,15 - 1% Mo = traces - 1% V = 0,003 - 0,8% Cu = 0,10 - 1% Ti = 0,020 - 0,2% Nb = traces - 0,2% Al = 0,002 - 0,050% P = traces - 0,015% S = traces - 0,015% O = traces - 0,0020% N = 0,0020 - 0,0110% le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration, et dont la teneur en carbone équivalent Ceq, calculée selon la formule Ceq% = [C%] + 0,12 [Si%]+ 0,17 [Mn%] - 0,1 [Ni%] + 0,13[Cr%] - 0,24 [V%] est comprise entre 0,80 et 1,00%, et dont la dureté, après trempe et revenu, est supérieure ou égale à 55HRC. Procédé de fabrication d'un ressort utilisant cet acier. Ressort réalisé en un tel acier.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及弹簧钢,其在空气中和腐蚀性环境中具有增加的疲劳强度,并且具有高的抗循环松弛性。 所述钢的组成含有以重量%表示的以下成分,即:C = 0.45±0.7% Si = 1.65±2.5% Mn = 0.2 0.75%; Cr = 0.6 - 2%; Ni = 0.15-1%; Mo =痕量 - 1%; V = 0.003 0.8%; Cu = 0.1-1%; Ti = 0.02±0.2% Nb =痕量0.2%; Al = 0.002 0.05%; P =痕量0.015%; S =痕量0.015%; O =痕量0.002%; N = 0.002 0.011%,剩余部分由生产的铁和杂质构成。 此外,使用式Ceq%= [C%] + 0.12 [Si%] + 0.17 [Mn%] 0.1 [Ni%] + 0.13 [Cr%] 0.24 [V%]计算的等效碳含量Ceq为 在0.8和1%之间,淬火和回火后的硬度大于或等于55HRC。 本发明还涉及使用所述钢和由此制造的弹簧制造弹簧的方法。
Abstract:
Acier pour pièces mécaniques, caractérisé en ce que sa composition est, en pourcentages pondéraux : - 0,19% ≤ C ≤ 0,25% ; - 1,1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5% ; - 0,8% ≤ Si ≤ 1,2% ; - 0,01 % ≤ S ≤ 0,09% ; - traces ≤ P ≤ 0,025% ; - traces ≤ Ni ≤ 0,25% ; -1% ≤ Cr ≤ 1,4% ; - 0,10% ≤ Mo ≤ 0,25% ; - traces ≤ Cu ≤ 0,30% ; - 0,01% ≤ Al ≤ 0,045% ; - 0,010% ≤ Nb ≤ 0,045% ; - 0,0130% ≤ N ≤ 0,0300% ; - optionnellement traces ≤ Bi ≤ 0,10% et/ou traces ≤ Pb ≤ 0,12% et/ou traces ≤ Te ≤ 0,015% et/ou traces ≤ Se ≤ 0,030% et/ou traces ≤ Ca ≤ 0,0050% ; le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration, la composition chimique étant ajustée pour que les valeurs moyennes J 3m , J 11m , J 15m et J 25m de cinq essais Jominy soient telles que: α = | J 11m - J 3m x 14/22 - J 25m x 8/22 |≤ 2,5 HRC ; et ß = J 3m - J 15m ≤ 9 HRC. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce mécanique utilisant cet acier, et pièce mécanique ainsi obtenue.
Abstract translation:用于机械部件的本发明钢的特征在于其组成以下列重量百分比表示:0.19%= C = 0.25%; 1.1%= Mn = 1.5%; 0.8%= Si = 1..2%; 0.01%= S = 0.09%; 痕量= P = 0.025%; 痕量= Ni = 0.25%; 1%= Cr = 1.4%; 0.10%= Mo = 0.25%; 痕量= Cu = 0.30%; 0.01%= Al = 0.045%; 0.010%= Nb = 0.045% 0.0130%= N = 0.0300%; 可选的迹线= Bi = 0.10%和/或迹线= Pb = 0.12%和/或迹线= Te = 0.015%和/或迹线= Se = 0.030%和/或迹线= Ca = 0.0050%。 其余为铁和由制备产生的杂质,化学成分以这样一种方式调整,使得五个Jominy试验的平均值J3m,J11m,J15m和J25m如α= | J11m - J3m x 14/22 - J25m x 8/22 | = 2.5 HRC; ss = J3m-J15m = 9HRC。 还公开了一种从所述钢和由此获得的机械部件制造机械部件的方法。
Abstract:
L'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce mécanique en acier, caractérisé en ce que la composition de l'acier est, en pourcentages pondéraux :0,12 C 0,30% 0,8 Si 1,5% 1,0 Mn 1,6% 0,4 Cr 1,6% 0 Mo 0,30% 0 Ni 0,6% 0 Al 0,06% 0 Cu 0,30% S 0,10% 0 P 0,03% 0 Nb 0,050% le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration, et en ce qu'on fait subir ô ladite pièce une cémentation sous basse pression ou une carbonitruration sous basse pression. L'invention a également pour objet une pièce mécanique ainsi obtenue.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及一种制造钢机械部件的方法,其特征在于,钢组合物为 %:0.12 = C 0.30%; 0.8 Si = 1.5%; 1.0 = Mn <= 1.6%; 0.4 Cr = 1.6%; 0 Mo = 0.30%; 0 = Ni = 0.6%; 0 = Al = 0.06%; 0
Abstract:
A continuous casting facility includes an ingot mould with walls (1) formed by cooled metal walls (2) on top of which is provided a feeder bush (3) of a heat insulating material. Pressurised gas injection apertures, such as a slot (10), open into the ingot mould, at least at the interface between said feeder bush and metal wall. The facility comprises means (13 to 17) connected to said apertures for supplying a gas or gas mixture with a thermal expansion capacity controllable on the basis of the cast metal alloy composition and casting conditions. By controlling the thermal expansion capacity of the injected gas, the density of the heat flow extracted from the cast metal in the area where solidification starts can also be adjusted. The invention is particularly useful for the continuous casting of steel.
Abstract:
An ingot mould has a cooled copper or copper alloy body (1) on top of which is mounted a refractory feeder bush (2) and at the interface of which is provided a sweeping slot (8) through which an inert waste gas stream is injected at the inner periphery of said ingot mould. The slot is fed by a distribution chamber (13) provided inside the ingot mould, which chamber is in turn fed with gas by manifolds (12) connecting it to a pressurised gas source (20). The injection slot (8) is divided, along the periphery of the ingot mould, by separation means (21) which also divide the distribution chamber into adjacent compartments (13'-13'') extending along the periphery of the ingot mould so that an inlet manifold (12) opens into each compartment thus formed. A plurality of elementary systems (12'-13'-8') are thus obtained, which are mounted parallel to each other on a single pressure chamber (20) so that, generally, the injection of gas at the periphery of the ingot mould is substantially insensitive to local interferences, such as localised variations of slot thickness.
Abstract:
The ingot mould of the invention includes a cooled copper body (4) on top of which is mounted a refractory feeder bush (9) consisting of two components: a heat insulating upper sleeve (16) and a compact refractory lower ring (17) of high mechanical strength enclosed by a crimping bush (18) which is narrower than ring (17) so that the latter projects on either side of the crimping bush. By subjecting the inner surface of the crimping bush to successive surfacing treatments which are repeated after the two surfaces have been reversed, it is possible to extend substantially the useful life of said crimping bush before replacing it.