Abstract:
The disclosure pertains to a urea production plant and process using a high-pressure CO2 stripper, downstream medium-pressure treatment unit and a medium-pressure dissociator receiving urea synthesis solution from the reactor, wherein gas from the treatment unit and dissociator are condensed in a first condenser and off-gas from the synthesis section is condensed separately in a second condenser. A revamping method is also described.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a novel method of controlling the formation of biuret in urea production, and particularly reducing, preventing or reversing such formation. This is accomplished by adding liquid ammonia to a urea aqueous stream. This addition is done at one or more positions downstream of a recovery section in a urea plant. The addition of liquid ammonia serves to shift the equilibrium of biuret formation from urea, to the side of the formation of urea from biuret and ammonia. The invention can be accomplished also in pre-existing urea plant, by the simple measure of providing an appropriate inlet for liquid ammonia, in fluid communication with a source of such liquid ammonia.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for the integrated production of two different urea products. One is an aqueous urea solution suitable for use in NOx abatement (generally indicated as Diesel Exhaust Fluid – DEF). The other is a solution used as a fertilizer, viz. Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN). The production of DEF and UAN are integrated as follows: ammonia recovered from the production of urea is used as a feed to the production of ammonium nitrate. At least part of an aqueous urea stream from urea production, is mixed with ammonium nitrate so as to obtain UAN.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a urea product suitable for being diluted with water so as to form an aqueous urea comprising solution for use in a unit for the reduction of NOx in combustion engine exhaust gases, also known as Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) or to be used in De NOx systems of exhaust vapor from industrial furnaces. The process comprises obtaining an aqueous urea solution from or after a recovery section in a urea production process. This solution, which has a low content of impurities, is subjected to flash crystallization at a low pressure, so as to obtain a solid crystallized urea containing product, which is a free-flowing powder containing less than 0.2 wt.% water. This product is packaged under conditions such that the water content in the packaged product is maintained below 0.2 wt.%. The invention can also be used in a method of increasing the capacity of an existing urea plant.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for the removal of soluble particulate matter from a gas stream, such as urea dust from the off-gas of a finishing section of a urea production plant. The method comprises subjecting the off-gas to at least two quenching stages an aqueous quenching liquid. The quenching liquid used in a first, upstream quench stage, is allowed to have a higher concentration of dissolved particulate matter than the quenching liquid in the second, downstream quench stage. The quenched gas is led through a particle capture zone, typically comprising one or more of a wet scrubber, a Venturi scrubber, and a wet electrostatic precipitator.
Abstract:
Method for modifying a solar thermal power plant (2) operating on conventional oil based technology into a hybrid solar thermal power plant (1), wherein the method comprises: • providing an oil based solar thermal power plant (2) comprising a solar collection system with at least one radiation absorber tube containing a heat transfer oil to be heated by means of the solar collection system, • providing an molten salts solar thermal power plant, (4) wherein the molten salts solar thermal power plant comprises a solar collection system to heat a molten salts mixture • coupling of the respective plants such that the hybrid solar thermal power plant is configured to heat medium temperature steam that is generated by the oil based solar power plant by means of the molten salts mixture thereby producing high temperature steam and subsequently supplying it to a steam turbine (40) to generate electricity.
Abstract:
A back-up boiler system for a solar thermal power plant (201) for transferring solar energy into electricity, said back-up boiler system comprising a combustion chamber (70) and a convection section (80) in fluid connection with said combustion chamber (70), wherein in the convection section (80) at least a first heat exchanger (92) is provided for heating a molten salts mixture of the solar thermal power plant and a second heat exchanger (90) for pre-heating boiler feed water of the solar thermal power plant, wherein the back-up boiler system (25) is configured to allow selection between only providing heat to the first heat exchanger (92), only providing heat to the second heat exchanger (90) and providing heat to both heat exchangers (90, 92), preferably dependent on availability of solar radiation and/or dependent on demand of power generation. The invention also relates to a solar thermal power plant (201) for transferring solar energy into electricity and a method for operating a solar thermal power plant.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the production of hydrogen in a reactor system comprising a steam reforming reaction zone comprising a reforming catalyst and a membrane separation zone comprising a hydrogen-selective membrane. The process involves a reaction system of so-called open architecture, wherein the reforming zone and the membrane separation zone operate independently of each other. The invention provides the heat for the reforming reaction through heat exchange from liquid molten salts, preferably heated by solar energy.
Abstract:
Method for producing synthesis gas for methanol production The present invention relates to a method for producing synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon containing feed, which synthesis gas is particularly suitable for subsequent use in methanol production. In this method, a feed (100) is divided into two streams, wherein one stream is subjected to catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) (2) and the other stream is subjected to steam reforming (5) followed by a water gas shift reaction (51). The two streams are then recombined and can be used further in methanol synthesis (6). The recombined stream preferably has an R ratio, being a molar ratio (H 2 -C0 2 )/(CO+C0 2 ), in the range of 1.9 - 2.2 and preferably about 2. The invention further relates to a method for producing methanol from a hydrocarbon containing feed, wherein first synthesis gas is obtained according to the method of the invention, which synthesis gas is further used to produce methanol. Also, the invention relates to a method of adapting an existing methanol plant to the methanol production process of the invention.
Abstract:
Method for producing synthesis gas for methanol production The present invention relates to a method for producing synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon containing feed, which synthesis gas is particularly suitable for subsequent use in methanol production. In this method, a hydrocarbon containing feed, particularly natural gas (100), is subjected to catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) (2), followed by the water gas shift (WGS) (4) reaction of a part of the reformed feed. At least part of the shifted feed is then subjected to hydrogen purification, preferably by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) (5) to obtain pure hydrogen (108), which hydrogen is subsequently combined with the remaining parts of the feeds to yield synthesis gas particularly suitable for methanol synthesis. The recombined stream preferably has an R ratio, being the molar ratio (H 2 -C0 2 )/(CO+C0 2 ), in the range 1.9-2.2 and preferably about 2. The invention further relates to a method for producing methanol from a hydrocarbon containing feed, wherein first synthesis gas is obtained according to the method of the invention, which synthesis gas is further used to produce methanol.