Abstract:
The application provides in an aspect a process for producing urea in a urea plant comprising a high pressure synthesis section comprising a reactor, wherein the process comprises reacting NH 3 feed and CO 2 feed under urea formation conditions in said reactor to form a urea synthesis solution comprising urea, water, carbamate and ammonia, wherein the process further comprises contacting a carbamate- containing liquid stream with an equipment part of said high pressure synthesis section that is made of a ferritic steel alloy.
Abstract:
The invention pertains to a urea production process using a high pressure stripper and a low pressure decomposer connected to a low pressure carbamate condenser which is in heat exchanging contact through a wall with a sub - atmospheric decomposer wherein urea solution obtained from the low pressure decomposer is processed.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an integrated process for the production of urea and melamine, as well as a system for carrying out the process. The invention thereby pertains to an integrated process of the type wherein off-gas obtained from the production of melamine is entered into the process for the production of melamine, by condensation in the presence of water. A typical embodiment thereof is the condensation in the presence of an aqueous carbamate solution obtained from urea recovery. In accordance with the invention, said condensation takes place at a substantially lower pressure than the pressure at which the melamine off-gas is obtained. To this end, the pressure of the off-gas is reduced typically by 2-10 bar. In connection herewith, the system of the invention comprises a pressure reducing unit downstream of an outlet for the melamine off-gas, and upstream of a section for the condensation of the off-gas. The invention also includes a method for the modernization of an integrated system for the production of melamine and urea. This is accomplished by adding the aforementioned pressure reducing unit to a pre-existing system.
Abstract:
In the present invention a method for treating algae is disclosed, which method comprises the steps of (a) providing an ionic liquid, which is a conjugate of an organic base with pK a at least 6 and an acid, (b) providing algae, (c) subjecting algae to cell lysis with the ionic liquid, whereby at least two phases are formed, including a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase, and (d) separating the hydrophobic phase containing lipids.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the integrated production of urea and melamine. A urea production zone produces a urea synthesis stream comprising urea, water and ammonium carbamate. This stream is subjected to processing, preferably involving stripping, so as to separate an aqueous urea stream from residual dissociated carbamate vapor comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. The urea is fed to a melamine synthesis zone and subjected to melamine forming conditions so as to form melamine and off-gas comprising carbon dioxide and ammonia. The dissociated carbamate vapor and the melamine off- gas are subjected to combined condensation so as to form a dilute melamine off-gas condensate.
Abstract:
Disclosed is method for removing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide from a sour gas stream. The method comprises subjecting the gas stream to simultaneous contact with an absorption liquid, such as an aqueous amine solution, and with a catalyst suitable for hydrolyzing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide. To this end, the invention also provides a reactor system wherein both an absorption liquid and a catalyst are present. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst present on or in an absorption column, either coated on the trays of a column with trays, or contained in the packing of a packed column.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for urea finishing. A urea solution is subjected to crystallization and, other than in conventional processes, the urea crystals are shaped by exerting mechanical force onto them. Thus, the conventional prilling or granulation finishing steps can be avoided, and so are the corresponding emissions of ammonia and/or dust. The crystallization comprises a flash crystallization. The invention also pertains to the urea particles obtainable by the process, to a urea plant, and to a method of modifying an existing urea plant.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the concurrent production of hydrogen and sulphur from a H 2 S-containing gas stream, with zero emissions. The method comprises the thermal oxidative cracking of H 2 S so as to form H 2 and S 2 . Preferably, the oxidation is conducted using oxygen-enriched air, preferably pure oxygen. The ratio H 2 S/O 2 in the feedstock is higher than 2:1, preferably in the range of 3:1-5: 1.
Abstract translation:公开了一种从含H2S的气流同时生产氢和硫的方法,零排放。 该方法包括H2S的热氧化裂化,形成H2和S2。 优选地,使用富氧空气,优选纯氧进行氧化。 原料中H 2 S / O 2的比例高于2:1,优选在3:1-5:1的范围内。
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for the production of urea allowing a substantial reduction, even down to zero, of the continuous emission of ammonia conventionally resulting from such a process. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the urea-forming reaction from carbon dioxide and ammonia is conducted in a synthesis section that does not require passivation by oxygen. As a result of the absence of oxygen, a hydrogen-rich gas stream results from the synthesis section, that can be used as a fuel in an incinerator. In the incinerator, ammonia-comprising gas streams from the urea production process are combusted.