Abstract:
A method of processing a textile material consisting wholly or partly of keratinous fibres, characterised in that the material is treated with an aqueous composition containing at least one compound which possesses one or more ethylenic double bonds activated by two adjacent carbonyl groups. Preferred compounds include fumaric acid or maleic acid, optionally substituted with one or two halo and/or alkyl groups; or a salt, ester or amide of any said acid; or an N-substituted maleimide, optionally substituted with one or two halo and/or alkyl groups.
Abstract:
Apparatus for sorting material, for example, fibrous material, as it is pneumatically conveyed in a gas stream includes a duct (12) for the gas stream, and a monitoring station (18, 19) for illuminating the material as it passes in the duct, and for monitoring the intensity of light reflected by the material. There is a lateral opening (22) in the duct, and means (20) responsive to a predetermined change in the intensity caused by a portion of material of darker or lighter shade to deflect such portion through the lateral opening (22). The monitoring station (18, 19) comprises an array (25a, 25b) of substantially monochromatic light sources (26) arranged to illuminate the interior of the duct through a transparent window (27) in the duct, whereby to achieve a substantially uniform diffuse illumination of the passing material in the duct, and a detector (28) responsive to a change in the intensity of reflected light arising from the passage of a portion of the material of darker or lighter shade to generate an output signal which reflects this change. In an alternative construction, any parameter of the material may be monitored and there is means (26) responsive to a predetermined change in the monitored parameter, caused by any specific portions of the material, to discharge a gas pulse transversely of the duct. The pulse is timed and positioned so as to deflect the portion of material through the lateral opening (22). The opening (22) extends across substantially the full width of the duct (12) and is dimensioned to be large enough to accept portions of the material deflected by the gas pulse but not large enough to capture other material in the absence of the pulse.
Abstract:
A surface for the attachment and growth of cells is prepared by first grafting polyacrylic acid chains to a fluorocarbon polymer substrate so that its weight increases by between 0.1 % and 20 %. The surface is then treated with concentrated sulphuric acid under such conditions that will separately decarboxylate, aromatize and sulphonate an effective proportion of the grafted polyacrylic acid chains before being dried, soaked in a concentrated acid and brought to a substantially neutral pH for cell attachment and growth thereupon. The surface may also be used as a human tissue implant.
Abstract:
DNA segments which act to increase or activate the expression of genes in plants are described and characterized. These transcription activating elements contain DNA sequences from the upstream untranscribed flanking region of the octopine synthase gene ( ocs ) of the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens . The ocs transcription activating element contains a first essential component which has the identifying sequence 5ʹ-ACGTAAGCGTTACGT-3ʹ. A second nonessential component having the identifying sequence 5ʹ-GATGTTAACATC-3ʹ contributes to the level of gene expression. Recombinant DNA molecules containing the plant transcription activating element and a plant-expressible gene under its control are provided. The transcription activating element described and DNA molecules containing it are useful in a method for increasing the level of expression of genes in plant tissue.
Abstract:
A photochemical reaction system which produces hydrogen by reduction of hydronium ions using methylviologen or a related compound as an electron transfer agent and a coloured compound orcompounds as sensitizer wherein a water-soluble pyrene derivative is present in amount sufficient to act as an excitation trap to transfer the energy from the sensitizer to the electron transfer agent.
Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to improved processes for free radical polymerization, particularly to improved processes in which it is possible to control the growth steps of the polymerization to produce relatively short chain length homopolymers and copolymers, including block and graft copolymers, and further relates to new initiators which find particular application in the improved processes. Such initiators have the general structure of Formula I wherein X represents a group having at least one carbon atom and is such that the free radical X is capable of polymerizing the unsaturated monomer by free radical polymerization, and the radical functionality resides on the or one of the carbon atoms. R', R 2 , R 5 and R 6 represent the same or different straight chain or branched substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups of a chain length sufficient to provide steric hindrance and weakening of the 0-X bond, and R 3 and R 4 represent the same or different straight chain or branched substituted alkyl groups or R 3 CNCR 4 may be part of a cyclic structure which may have fused with it another saturated or aromatic ring, the cyclic structure or aromatic ring being optionally substituted.
Abstract translation:本发明一般涉及自由基聚合的改进方法,特别涉及改进方法,其中可以控制聚合的生长步骤以产生相对较短的链长均聚物和共聚物,包括嵌段和接枝共聚物,还涉及 在改进过程中发现特定应用的新引发者。 这种引发剂具有式1的通式结构,其中X表示具有至少一个碳原子的基团,并且使得自由基X能够通过自由基聚合使不饱和单体聚合。 并且基团官能团位于碳原子上或其中一个碳原子上。 R 1,R 2,R 5和R 6表示相同或不同的直链或支链取代或未取代的烷基,其链长足以提供OX键的空间位阻和弱化,以及 R 3和R 4表示相同或不同的直链或支链取代的烷基或R 3 CNCR 4可以是可以与其另一个饱和或芳环稠合的环状结构的一部分, 环状结构或芳环任选被取代。