Abstract:
Process for preparing aqueous solutions of acrylic acid polymers by polymerizing acrylic acid in feed mode with a radical initiator in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, by (i) initially introducing water and optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, (ii) continuously adding acrylic acid in acidic, non-neutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, aqueous radical initiator solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution, (iii) after the end of the acrylic acid feed, adding a base to the aqueous solution, the comonomer content not exceeding 30% by weight, based on the total monomer content, the aqueous hypophosphite solution being added over a total feed time composed of three successive feed time spans ?tI, ?tII and ?tIII, the average feed rate in the second feed time span ?tII being greater than the average feed rates in the first and third feed time spans ?tI and ?tIII.
Abstract translation:通过(i)首先引入水和任选的一种或多种烯键式不饱和共聚单体,(ii)连续地在水中以次磷酸盐存在下作为溶剂,以进料模式使丙烯酸与自由基引发剂聚合来制备丙烯酸聚合物的水溶液 加入酸性,未中和形式的丙烯酸,任选一种或多种烯键式不饱和共聚单体,水性自由基引发剂溶液和次磷酸盐水溶液,(iii)在丙烯酸进料结束后,向碱水溶液中加入碱,共聚单体 基于总单体含量不超过30重量%的含量,在由三个连续进料时间跨度Δt1,ΔtII和ΔtIII组成的总进料时间内添加次磷酸盐水溶液,第二进料中的平均进料速率 时间跨度ΔtII大于第一和第三供给时间跨度t i和t t III中的平均供给率。
Abstract:
The invention relates to an aqueous solution of acrylic acid polymers having a total phosphorous content of organically and possibly inorganically bonded phosphorus, wherein (a) a first part of the phosphorous is in the form of phosphinate groups bonded in the polymer chain, (b) a second part of the phosphorus is in the form of phosphinate groups and/or phosphonate groups bonded to the end of the polymer chain, (c) optionally a third part of the phosphorous is in the form of dissolved inorganic phosphorous salts, wherein at least 76% of the total phosphorous content is in the form of phosphinate groups bonded in the polymer chain.
Abstract:
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isosorbid-Estern der (Meth)acrylsäure oder einem Derivat davon durch Umsetzung von (Meth)acrylsäure oder einem Derivat davon mit Isosorbid oder einem Derivat davon in Gegenwart wenigstens eines die Veresterungsreaktion katalysierenden Enzyms bei einer Reaktionstemperatur von 10 bis 100°C.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an aqueous solution of acrylic acid polymers obtainable by polymerizing acrylic acid in feed mode with peroxodisulphate as initiator in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, where (i) water and optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers are introduced initially, and (ii) acrylic acid in acidic, non-neutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, aqueous peroxodisulphate solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution are added continuously, and (iii) after the end of the acrylic acid feed, a base is added to the aqueous solution, the comonomer content not exceeding 30% by weight, based on the total monomer content.
Abstract:
Processes for adjusting the viscosity of a salt with a melting point less than 100°C at standard pressure (called ionic liquid for short), characterized in that an oligomeric or polymeric compound which is added to the ionic liquid has a content of at least 0.01 mol of covalently bonded acid groups/100 g of compound, at least 1% of the acid groups being present in the form of a salt with an organic cation containing at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and phosphorus.