Abstract:
A coater head (22) has a housing (23) which defines a coating pond (28) supplied with coating under pressure. A plurality of bars (21) extend within the coating pond (28) in the cross-machine direction, and are spaced parallel to one another in the machine direction. A paper web (36) is engaged against a backing roll (24), and travels through the coating pond (28) past a metering blade (30) which applies coating from the pond to the web. The bars (21) induce a turbulent flow which shears bubbles of air entrained in the coating pond, thereby reducing the bubble diameters and air-induced imperfections in the coating. Greater machine speed, which tends to entrain more air, induces greater shear at the bars which causes bubble size to be more greatly reduced.
Abstract:
Secondary sludge produced in the papermaking process is dewatered by adding a material capable of absorbing water together with dry fibers to the secondary sludge, and mixing the secondary sludge with the dried fibers to produce a modified secondary sludge which has sufficient structure and low enough moisture that it may be further dewatered by mechanical means. The preferred fiber adding materials are those readily produced in the papermaking process, particularly dry primary sludge, dried fines and bark and fly ash from boilers.
Abstract:
A fan (30) draws air out of a cyclone (28) and through an open-bottomed separation chamber (22) at approximately seven hundred to eight hundred feet per minute. Shredded plastic bottles or other mixed particulate material is metered into the separation chamber and is evenly distributed by a grid (36) of closely spaced narrow bars (38) which extends into the separation chamber. The bars are cantilevered into the separation chamber and are caused to vibrate by an oscillatory mounting. The shredded material may be fed by an ordinary chute (60) without an air lock onto the deck of the grid of bars. Air moving rapidly between the bars lifts and separates the various constituents of the shredded bottles. The denser particles fall down through the bars and are recovered as the heavy recyclable fraction. The lightweight particles including paper are drawn up through the separation chamber and into the cyclone. Dense material such as trash or other inadvertently added substances which are too large to pass through the bars is oscillated along the inclined bars to an exit chute.
Abstract:
A hydraulic crown support system (28, 31) employs a stationary cross head (30, 42) mounted within a cylinder (22) or beneath an extended nip shoe (24). Individual hydraulic pistons (34, 46) are disposed along the stationary cross head (30, 42), which, under the force of hydraulic pressure, support the inner wall (40) of a roll (22) or an extended nip shoe (24). The displacement of the support cylinders (34, 46) is controlled through one or more adjustable ports (66, 58, 76, 78, 80, 90) formed in the sidewall of the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders which support the roll (22) or extended nip shoe (24). With a piston (34, 46) which extends from one end of the stationary cross head (30, 42) to the other, some tilting from one side to the other of the cross head can be achieved by the adjustment of the pressure ports, thus compensating for misalignment in the vertical direction between an extended nip (24) or crown-controlled roll (22).
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for reeling a traveling web (w), such as the paper web produced on a papermaking machine, comprises the concept of winding the on-coming traveling web onto a reel spool (16) which is horizontally supported rotatively, and which, in a preferred embodiment, moves translationally in a direction from the dry end of the papermaking machine towards the wet end of the papermaking machine as the diameter of the wound web roll (20) increases. The reel spool (16) is supported on a pair of spaced, substantially horizontally disposed rails. The on-coming web is first partially wrapped over a segment of a translationally movable support drum (44) with the upper side (wu) of the web facing inwardly toward the surface of the support drum (44). The support drum (44) is selectively nipped, or not nipped, with the web over the web roll (20) as it is commenced to be wound in a winding position, and continues to be wound into a web roll (20) on a reel spool (16). As the web roll (20) being wound increases in diameter, it is translationally moved upstream while being supported on the substantially horizontally disposed rails, and while torque is maintained on the reel spool (16).
Abstract:
A backing bar assembly (20) has a plurality of positively positionable backing bar units (40) which are retained within an inverted U-shaped housing by semi-cylindrical lifters (68) which are adjusted by adjustment screws (60) connected to the housing. Each backing bar unit (40) has concave end surfaces (54) which face the adjacent backing bar units. A pair of backing bar units is engaged by the semi-cylindrical convex surfaces (72) of a lifter and may thus be vertically positioned by rotation of the adjustment screw. By adjusting two backing bar units at a single screw, dramatic discontinuities between backing bar units are avoided. An inflatable resilient seal (50) is engaged by all the backing bar units and extends between the units and the blade to transmit force to the blade to retain it in a desired position.
Abstract:
A press apparatus (10) is disclosed for pressing water from a formed web (W). The apparatus (10) includes an extended nip press (12) for removing an initial quantity of water from the formed web (W). The press (12) includes a press felt (14) and a plain roll (16) which cooperate with the press felt (14) such that the formed web (W) is disposed between the felt (14) and the roll (16). The arrangement is such that one side (18) of the web is disposed in physical contact with the plain roll (16). A transfer felt (20) cooperates with the plain roll (16) such that the initially dewatered web (IDW) is transferred from the plain roll (16) to the transfer felt (20). A further extended nip press (22) is disposed downstream relative to the transfer felt (20). The further press (22) includes a further press felt (24) which cooperates with the transfer felt (14) such that the initially dewatered web (IDW) is transferred from the transfer felt (14) to the further felt (24). A further plain roll (26) cooperates with the further felt (24) such that the initially dewatered web (IDW) is disposed between the further felt (24) and the further roll (26). The arrangement is such that an opposite side (28) of the web is disposed in physical contact with the further roll (26) during movement of the web between the further felt (24) and the further plain roll (26) so that the bulk of the resultant web (RW) is maximized while maintaining similar roughness on said one side (18) and said opposite side (28) of the resultant web (RW).
Abstract:
A vacuum/blowing sheave (32) on the end of the lower calender roll of a papermaking machine threads a tissue web tail from a Yankee dryer to a take-up reel through the calender (22). The sheave is positioned adjacent to the outlet of the threader tube (50) from the Yankee dryer, where the vacuum portion of the sheave picks up the tail (30) and transports it towards the take-up reel. Upon transiting the closed nip of the calender, the tail is blown by a short blowing section on the sheave into the tube threader which leads to the take-up reel.
Abstract:
A vacuum roll apparatus (12) is disclosed for transferring a web (W) supported on a dryer felt (14) from a first to a second drying cylinder (16, 18) of a dryer section (10). The apparatus (12) includes a rotatable perforate shell (20) having a first and a second end (22, 24), the shell (20) defining a cavity (26) which extends from the first to the second end (22, 24) of the shell (20). The arrangement is such that the dryer felt (14) extends from the first dryer (16) around the perforate shell (20) to the second dryer (18) with the web (W) extending contiguously with the dryer felt (14), and the dryer felt (14) being disposed between the shell (20) and the web (W). At least one fin (28) is rigidly secured to the shell (20) and is disposed within the cavity (26) such that when the shell (20) is rotated, the fin (28) generates a flow of air (32) through the perforate shell (20) towards the cavity (26) for drawing the web (W) into close conformity with the dryer felt (14) during movement thereof around the vacuum roll apparatus (12) so that the web (W) is restrained against cross-machine directional shrinkage (34).
Abstract:
A self-loading controlled deflection roll (10) for forming a controlled pressure nip with another roll (4) along a nip line (N) with a hollow rotatable roll shell (14) rotatable on an axis (16) and a roll shaft (12) extending through the shell and radially supporting the shell along the nip line with axially facing surfaces (73, 73', 73'', 73''') on the shaft and rollers rolling on said surfaces supported on the rotating roll shell accommodating bending of the roll shaft relative to the roll shell fixing their relative axial positions. One roller (86, 87) is axially fixed and the other roller (90, 91) is mounted on a rocker arm (92, 93) loaded with the piston and cylinder (94, 95).