Abstract:
A method for doping silica soot with fluorine during laydown, including providing a bait rod, and providing a burner, wherein the burner emits a reactant flame. The method also including providing at least one first gas-feed separate from the burner, wherein the gas-feed supplies a first jet of fluorine-based gases, and depositing a layer of silica soot on the bait rod by vaporizing a silica producing gas within the reactant flame of the burner. The method further including supplying the first jet of fluorine-based gases to the silica soot deposited on to the bait rod via the first gas-feed subsequent to vaporizing at least a portion of the silica producing gas within the reactant flame of the burner.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a dispersion compensating and dispersion slope compensating single mode optical waveguide fiber. The refractive index profiles of waveguide fibers in accord with the invention are disclosed and described. These index profiles provide a waveguide fiber having negative total dispersion and negative total dispersion slope so that a standard waveguide fiber is compensated over an extended wavelength range. A telecommunications link using the fiber in accord with the invention is also disclosed and described. A standard fiber to compensating fiber length ratio in the range of 1:1 to 3:1 is shown to give optimum link performance with respect to limiting non-linear dispersion effects.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a dispersion compensating waveguide fiber suitable for use in high data rate, high light power telecommunications systems of intermediate length. The refractive index profile of the compensation fiber is segmented. The segment relative refractive indexes and radii are chosen to provide negative total dispersion and negative total dispersion slope over an extended wavelength range. The index profile design is flexible enough to provide compensated links having total dispersion that is positive, negative, or zero, while maintaining appropriate total dispersion slope compensation. In addition, the waveguide fiber of the invention may be cabled or otherwise buffered prior to its use in a communications system.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a dispersion compensating optical fiber that includes a core surrounded by a cladding layer of refractive index nCL. The core includes at least three radially adjacent regions, a central core region, a moat region having a refractive index nM that is sufficiently lower than nCL such that DELTAM
Abstract:
The optical fiber alternates between regions having different dia meters alo ng its length, wherein the refractive index and the diameters of said fiber result in alternating regions of positive and negative dispersion at a wavelength greater than 1480 nm, yet preferably has a low net dispersion and dispersion slope. A preferred profile consists of a core region surrounded b y a cladding region, said core region comprising a central core region updoped with respect to said cladding region, said central core region surrounded by a moat region downdoped with respect to said cladding region, said moat region surrounded by an annular region updoped with respect to said cladding region . The family of profiles presented when used in conjunction with alternating positive and negative dispersion regions produce low dispersion slope fibers . The family of profiles is useful in conventional WDM applications.
Abstract:
An optical signal transmission line includes a first fiber adapted to guide an optical signal therethrough and having a first kappa , a second fiber adapted to guide the optical signal therethrough and having a second kappa of less than or equal to about 100 nm at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and a kappa compensating fiber adapted to guide the optical signal therethrough and having a third kappa of greater than or equal to about 60 nm at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The first fiber, the second fiber and the kappa compensating fiber are in optical communication, thereby defining an optical transmission line having a total dispersion and a total dispersion slope. The first kappa , the second kappa and the third kappa cooperate such that the total dispersion is within the range of about 1.0 ps/nm-km >/= total dispersion >/= about -1.0 ps/nm-km at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and the total dispersion slope is within the range of about 0.02 ps/nm -km >/= total dispersion slope >/= about -0.02 ps/nm -km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the manufacturing of a preform having at least one fluorine doped region. One method of the invention for producing the fluorinated preform includes heat treating a porous soot preform, the preform substantially devoid of any sintered glass layer, to a temperature of greater than about 1200 DEG C. The method further includes exposing the preform to an atmosphere comprising a fluorine containing compound, wherein the time and the temperature of said exposing step is controlled so that F comprises > about 1 wherein F is defined as Rmax/(D/k)1/2, wherein Rmax is the outer radius of the preform, D is the diffusion coefficient of the fluorine containing compound into the preform, and k is the reaction rate constant of the reaction between the fluorine and the soot, thereby controlling the radial penetration of fluorine into the preform. A second method includes depositing fluorine doped silica soot on a starting member to form a soot preform having at least one fluorine doped soot region and heating the soot preform at a rate of more than about 10 DEG C/min to a temperature of more than about 1300 DEG C. A third method includes heating a preform having at least one region of fluorine doped soot at a rate of more than about 10 DEG C/min to a temperature of more than about 1400 DEG C.
Abstract:
An optical amplifier site comprising: a distributed Raman amplifier (20) providing a first signal gain level; an optical amplifier (10) located downstream from the distributed Raman amplifier, the optical amplifier being indirectly coupled to the distributed Raman amplifier, the optical amplifier including a first amplification medium (30), providing a second signal gain level; at least one optical signal loss element (60) located between the distributed Raman amplifier and the optical amplifier and, contributing at least 0.5dB optical loss to the amplifier site; a second amplification medium (40) located downstream from the first amplification medium; and at least another one optical signal loss element (50), this at least another one optical signal loss element being located between said first amplification medium and said second amplification medium.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a dispersion compensating optical fiber that includes a core surrounded by a cladding layer of refractive index DELTA c. The core includes at least three radially adjacent regions, a central core region having DELTA 1, a moat region having a refractive index DELTA 2 and an annular ring region having a refractive index DELTA 3, such that DELTA 1 > DELTA 3 > DELTA c > DELTA 2. The fiber exhibits a dispersion slope which is less than -1.0 ps/nm /km over the wavelength range 1525 to 1565, a dispersion at 1550 which is less than -30 ps/nm/km, and a kappa value obtained by dividing the dispersion value by the dispersion slope which is greater than 35 and preferably between 40 and 100.