Abstract:
A proton conductor comprises a carbonaceous material essentially comprising a carbon, into which proton dissociating groups are introduced. In the proton conductor, protons migrate between the proton dissociating groups. Also, the ion conductivity of the proton conductor is larger than electron conductivity thereof. A carbon cluster such as a fullerene or a carbonaceous tubular material, or so-called carbon nano-tube, or a carbonaceous material which has diamond structures is used as a carbonaceous material.
Abstract:
A developer for electrostatic electrophotography which comprises a composition of colorant particles, an electric charge supplying agent and a resin binder dispersed in a dispersion medium. The resin binder is a copolymer which has a polyoxyethylene units at side chains thereof, so that the interaction with the electric charge supplying agent is improved. The resultant developer ensures good resolution, gradation and fixing property and is suitable for wet development to give high-quality images. When the copolymer used as the resin binder has styrene units therein, its solubility in the dispersion medium is improved. The developer is either liquid or solid depending on the type of dispersion medium.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing an electronic element in which a junction between a semiconductor region and a conductor region can be manufactured within a same transparent oxide layer in a simple process. SOLUTION: A transparent conductive oxide layer 19 is set as an anode, and a probe 21 of an atomic force microscope is placed with a predetermined interval from a surface of the transparent conductive oxide layer 19, which is set as a cathode. The transparent conductive oxide layer 19 is scanned with the probe 21 to excite an electric field with being applied with negative bias in the air. Thus, oxygen is implanted into a portion where the electric field is excited, and thus electric conductivity of a partial region of the transparent conductive oxide layer 19 is decreased to make the region into semiconductor, and consequently a semiconductor region is formed adjacent to a conductor region. According to the method, a transparent transistor having a semiconductor channel region, and source and drain electrodes comprising the conductor region in one transparent oxide layer is realized. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing cylindrical molecules to control directivity of cylindrical molecules comprising carbon or the like without applying an electric field. SOLUTION: A plurality of protruded ribs 13 are formed on a substrate 11 having an oxide film 12 formed on the surface. Then, for example, a master plate having projections on its surface is used to transfer a catalytic substance 30 from the master plate onto the protruded ribs 13 to dispose the catalytic substance 30 near the peaks of the protruded ribs 13. By heating the substrate as well as supplying a growth gas, the catalytic substance 30 develops directivity and as a result, carbon nanotubes 41 are grown in the direction shown as an arrow (A) perpendicular to the ridge lines 13A of the protruded ribs 13. Thereby, the growing direction of carbon nanotubes 41 can be controlled without applying an electric field and a carbon nanotube structure 40 having favorable orientation can be obtained. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a field electron emission element having a cathode with tubular carbon molecules regularly arranged at finer intervals and suitable for manufacturing a highly precise FED or the like, and to provide a manufacturing method of a display device using the same. SOLUTION: A cathode panel 20 with a field electron emission element formed thereon and an anode panel 30 with phosphor membranes 33R, 33G, 33B are formed thereon are oppositely arranged. The emission element of the cathode panel 20 has cathodes 17 having carbon nanotubes 16 arranged with a desired pattern on a substrate 15. The nanotubes 16 are constituted by supplying heat distribution in response to the desired pattern to a raw material substrate 10 containing iron (Fe) as a catalyst, by depositing the iron at positions corresponded to the heat distribution into a first material composed of a semiconductor such as silicon (Si) and by using the iron as the catalyst. The cathodes 17 are separated from each other by separation grooves 18. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pattern-arranged substrate manufacturing method capable of forming a more fine pattern of the catalyst metal in comparison with the photo-lithographic technology. SOLUTION: Thermal distribution 11 corresponding to a desirable pattern is given to a raw material substrate 10, which is formed by adding a second material composed of a catalyst metal such as iron (Fe) in a first material formed of a semiconductor of silicon (Si) with radiation of the energy beam 12 using a diffraction grating 13 to melt a surface of the raw material substrate. Thereafter, radiation of the energy beam 12 is stopped, and the heat is radiated from the surface of the raw material substrate 10 to deposit iron at a position corresponding to the thermal pattern 11 to form a pattern of deposition range. The iron deposed in the deposition range is used to form a carbon nanotube or the like. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nonvolatile random access memory that can be put to practical use by obtaining a paramagnetic layer having a sufficient spin coherence length and a uniform spin field. SOLUTION: The paramagnetic layer 24 is, for example, an included thin fullerene film having a thickness of ≥0.5 nm and ≤5 μm. The fullerene of the thin film has a hollow section of 0.1-50 nm in size, and a paramagnetic material is included in the hollow section. In the thin fullerence film, a Fermi vector well overlaps the small-number spin bands or large-number spin bands of a ferromagnetic fixed layer 23 and a ferromagnetic free layer 25, and the spin orientation of the included paramagnetic material is made to become random. In addition, the electron spin in the fullerene is quantized in a pseudo zero-dimensional space. Consequently, the spin coherence length of the included thin fullerene film becomes longer and the scattering of spin-polarized conductive electrons disappears. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrochemical hydrogen-flow control device which can be operated in a non-humidified atmosphere at room temperature, and reduces the weight and the size. SOLUTION: The electrochemical hydrogen-flow control device has an electrochemical cell consisting of a first pole for generating proton (H + ), and a second pole for converting the above proton generated in the above first pole to a hydrogen gas, and a proton-conducting solid electrolyte membrane which is sandwiched between these poles; and a hydrogen-flow control section for making a predetermined amount of the hydrogen gas evolve in the second pole side; wherein the above proton-conducting solid electrolyte membrane is made of a derivative of fullerene formed by means of introducing a proton-dissociative group into carbon atoms composing a fullerene molecule. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonaceous material for hydrogen absorbing able to absorb efficiently a large amount of hydrogen, light, repeatedly usable, safe, and resource- and environment-friendly, a method for manufacturing the same, a hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material and a method for manufacturing the same, a galvanic cell using the hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material and a fuel cell using the hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material. SOLUTION: The carbonaceous material for hydrogen absorption is obtained by treating a carbonaceous material with a solvent.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily produce a large amount of carbon nanotube in high yield by mixing a transition metal element or its alloy to the same kind of fullerene molecules or a mixture of different kinds of fullerene molecules and heating the obtained mixture. SOLUTION: The carbon number of the fullerene molecule is preferably >=60 and a higher-order fullerene molecule is more preferable. The transition metal element is preferably rare earth elements, iron-group elements, Pd, Rh, Pt, Co or Ni. The heating is carried out preferably in an inert gas atmosphere or an atmosphere containing an inert gas. He, Ar or nitrogen can be used as the inert gas. As an alternative, the heating may be carried out in an atmosphere having reduced pressure or an atmosphere containing hydrogen, carbon or oxygen in addition to the inert gas. The heating temperature is preferably higher than the temperature to form an alloy of the transition metal element or its alloy with carbon, usually >=500 deg.C.