Abstract:
An arc electrode structure, for producing carbon nanostructures, which includes a first electrode and two or more second electrodes disposed within a chamber. The electrodes are connected to a voltage potential to produce an arc-plasma region. The first electrode has a sloped surface with a plurality of holes therein for holding catalyst. The first electrode's sloped surface, and the positioning of the plurality of second electrodes allows control of the direction and region of arc-plasma. Further, the first electrode has a central bore which may be either a blind bore, or a through bore. The blind bore collects unwanted deposits that slide off of the sloped surface of the first electrode. The throughbore either allows soot and carbon nanostructures to be removed from the chamber, or allows organic vapor to be introduced into the chamber. When the throughbore is used to introduce organic vapor into the chamber, the vapor is directed through the arc-plasma region so that carbon nanostructures are built up by a CVD process rather than being broken off of carbon electrodes.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a reflux system, and method, for purifying carbon nanostructures. More particularly, the present invention relates to a modified Soxlet extractor and a one-step method of using it to purify carbon nanostructures, including single wall nanotubes (SWNTs), multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs), fullerenes, endohedral metallofullerenes, carbon nanofibers, and other carbon-containing nano-materials. The reflux system and method are particularly useful for purifying SWNTs.
Abstract:
Reflux systems and methods for purifying carbon nanostructures using same are provided. The reflux system includes a solvent flask, an extraction tube connected to the solvent flask by a siphon tube and a vapor tube each extending between the extraction tube and the solvent flask, and an energy application disposed around the bottom portion of the extraction tube. The reflux systems can be used in a one-step method of purifying carbon nanostructures that includes placing a soot sample that contains the carbon nanostructures and amorphous carbon in a filter and disposing the filter in the extraction tube.
Abstract:
A positive electrode active material and a non-aqueous electrolyte cell which uses the positive electrode active material. The cell has a high discharge voltage without lowering the capacity and superior charging/discharging characteristics. To this end, the positive electrode active material contains a compound represented by the general formula Li x Mn y B 1-y PO 4 , wherein 0
Abstract:
A carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage which stores hydrogen in the fo rm of a proton is provided. Examples of such a carbonaceous material include a carbonaceous material which has a structure having a curvature and has a wor k function greater than 4.9 eV. Such a carbonaceous material can be formed by the arc discharge method. Usable carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage also include a burned material comprising a polymer of a fullerene, a polyme r of a fullerene through electrolytic polymerization, a derivative based on a carbonaceous material having, introduced into the material, a group capable of bonding with a proton, a carbonaceous material having a structure containing a bending part and a carbonaceous material having, carried thereon, a metal having a catalytic activity for the separation of hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms and of hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons. A material for hydrogen storage obtained by applying a plus voltage to a material capab le of storing hydrogen and then subjecting the resultant material to a treatmen t under an atmosphere containing hydrogen is also usable. These materials for hydrogen storage can be used for an electric cell such as a fuel cell, an ai r cell and an alkaline secondary cell.
Abstract:
A lithium ion cell less costly than a control lithium ion cell is provided. The lithium ion cell is improved appreciably in operational stability under special conditions, such as high temperatures, and exhibits superior characteristics against over-discharging, while guaranteeing compatibility to the operating voltage of a conventional lithium ion cell and an energy density equivalent to that of th e conventional lithium ion cell. To this end, the lithium ion cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and uses, as a positive electrode active material, a composite material of a first lithium compound represented by the general formula Li x M y PO4, where 0
Abstract:
The optical waveguide device of LiNbO3 efficiently guides both or either of ordinary ray and extraordinary ray of visible light in the short wavelength region. It is prepared by forming an LiNbO3 thin film (22) optical waveguide on an LiNbO3 substrate (21) undoped or doped with MgO, with or without a base layer (23) interposed between them, by liquid phase epitaxy which employs Li2OB2O3 as a flux.
Abstract:
The optical waveguide device of LiNbO3 efficiently guides both or either of ordinary ray and extraordinary ray of visible light in the short wavelength region. It is prepared by forming an LiNbO3 thin film (22) optical waveguide on an LiNbO3 substrate (21) undoped or doped with MgO, with or without a base layer (23) interposed between them, by liquid phase epitaxy which employs Li2OB2O3 as a flux.
Abstract:
A lithium ion cell less costly than a control lithium ion cell is provided. The lithium ion cell is improved appreciably in operational stability under special conditions, such as high temperatures, and exhibits superior characteristics against over-discharging, while guaranteeing compatibility to the operating voltage of a conventional lithium ion cell and an energy density equivalent to that of the conventional lithium ion cell. To this end, the lithium ion cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and uses, as a positive electrode active material, a composite material of a first lithium compound represented by the general formula Li x M y PO4, where 0