Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for treating and utilizing waste materials and mixtures thereof in multiple steps resulting in a high-yield utilization particularly of organic components of the waste for generating kinetically useful energy. The waste materials are sorted by classes, principally between organic and non-organic, e.g. metallic and ceramic, substances. The organic substances are briquetted and gasified, the produced gas being utilized for the direct and indirect generation of electricity and heat.
Abstract:
A slow speed high torque shear technology is disclosed having optional configurations and attachments for its construction and methods for reconfiguring existing shears to improve performance, and maintenance economics. A method is provided for the readily replacement of individual cutters and tooth modules, reconfiguration of cutter and tooth assemblies in a mix and match manner, in combination with matching anvils having replacement cutting elements with multiple cutting faces. Alternative embodiments are provided illustrating methods of configuration of various types of cutting elements and material feed systems. Methods for converting a shear a rough cut shear to a fine particle shear and then to a granulator is provides. A method for rejecting unprocessable material is also disclosed.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method and system for recovering energy from low-grade fuels such as industrial, municipal and agricultural waste, low-grade carbonaceous fuels such as lignite and similar solid fuels in which the fuel is comminuted into small particles and slurried in water. The alkali content of the slurry is adjusted to be at least about equal to the chemical equivalent of the halogen content of the slurry and, following pressurization of the slurry, it is heated sufficiently so that the substantial portion of chemically bound oxygen in the fuel separates therefrom as carbon dioxide, leaving a slurry including char particles and dissolved impurities such as halogen salts. The char particles are removed from the slurry and reslurried with just enough halogen-free water to provide the slurry with the needed viscosity to maximize the energy density thereof. The char particles are then reacted with air at a temperature below their ignition value to convert the fuel value of the low-grade fuel into thermal energy which is then further used, for example, to drive a turbine.
Abstract:
The preferred embodiment of the invention disclosed herein includes apparatus for and the steps of separating glass, metal and other generally non-combustible material from refuse to provide a volume of generally combustible refuse, shreddingthe volume of combustible refuse into relatively small particles and mixing the particles with primary combustion air, which is used to convey the particles to a combustion chamber. Auxiliary burners are used to heat the combustion chamber to a predetermined temperature above which the particles are self-igniting and use of the burners is thereafter discontinued unless the temperature falls below the predetermined temperature. The particles are separated as they are injected into the combustion chamber with a cyclonic motion. In the combustion chamber the mixture is ignited and converted to combustion gases which flow through the chamber. The flow of secondary air is regulated to provide maximum combustion temperature for the particles and negative pressure is maintained in the chamber to control the flow rate of the gases and to assure that the gases are generally completely combusted. The combusted gases are exhausted to an associated device such as a steam boiler or other device using the heat energy and thereafter are exhausted to the atmosphere.
Abstract:
Combustible waste material is collected and processed after which it is disposed of by incineration, the energy derived from combustion being utilized to produce electrical energy. Included in the processing of the waste material are the steps of shredding the waste material, feeding the shredded material through a high density press to separate the dry matter from the liquids, heating the shredded material to drive off additional moisture and gases, fluidizing and feeding the dried shredded material into the incinerator.
Abstract:
Liquid fuel method and hybrid production system from waste treatment, without the use of catalytic compounds, which is applied by the combination of mechanical, UV and thermal degradation of waste. Initially, takes place the waste entrance to the system (2), the waste mechanical degradation (homogenization) in order to obtain particles of desired size less than 10cm, using for this purpose a homogenization high frequency pulsators system, the UV degradation, the thermal degradation - small size waste treatment, using a continuous flow special reactor (4) for the conversion of inserting material to gaseous, the condensation of produced reactive gases to liquid material, the automatic adjustment of end product ph between 4-4.5 and the simultaneous viscosity stabilization through special regulated operation systems and the filtering of liquid material for viscous material removal.
Abstract:
The present invention provides waste-to-energy systems for processing medical and other wastes while concurrently recycling recoverable products and generating energy, including electrical energy, from the waste materials. Methods of processing the medical and other wastes and converting such waste materials to energy also are described.
Abstract:
A process for enhancing the fuel form, raising the energy content, and lowering the level of impurities of low rank coals and/or carbonaceous wastes, like Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), and sewage sludge, by providing the low rank fuel, carbonaceous waste, or mixtures thereof ans a slurry in water of processable viscosity. This feed slurry is heated under pressure (118), usually in the presence of an alkali (109), to a temperature at which a significant physical and molecular rearrangement occurs, characterized by the splitting off of a substantial proportion of the oxygen bound in the low rank coal or carbonaceous waste as carbon dioxide (147). At these conditions, solid particles in the feed slurry (103) lose much of their fibrous and hydrophilic character, and are broken up into smaller particles of char, resulting in a slurry of dramatically improved rheology, i.e., capable of a much higher solids concentration (or energy density) at processable viscosity.