Abstract:
A method for obtaining seismic data in frigid regions without interference from flexural ice waves. In an exemplary embodiment, seismic data is produced by using an energy source to generate a seismic wave (206) in a floating ice sheet (202). Seismic disturbances caused by the energy source are detected by one or more hydrophones (112) and geophones (110), which produce hydrophone and geophone response signals, respectively. In a first embodiment, the hydrophone response signal is integrated (1210). The integrated signal and/or the geophone response signal are scaled (1214), and the two signals are then added (1216). Alternatively, instead of integrating the hydrophone response signal, the geophone response signal may be differentiated (1310) prior to scaling and summing. A method is also disclosed for overcoming phase errors that might be introduced, for example, by the use of a transformer-coupled hydrophone. In another embodiment of the invention, a linear adaptive filter is applied to the hydrophone and geophone response signals to obtain an output signal having attenuated noise characteristics.
Abstract:
A method of determining selected parameters of an earth formation (132) surrounding a borehole (135) by first obtaining at least one induction logging measurements of the selected parameters in a first predetermined volume (138-138') of the formation (132) surrounding the borehole (135) having known first radial and vertical dimensions, then obtaining at least one galvanic logging measurement of the identical selected parameters in a second predetermined volume (136) of the formation (132) surrounding the borehole (135) having known second radial and vertical dimensions that overlap the first radial and vertical dimensions of the first predetermined volume, whereby the overlapping volumes form a representative common volume (140) of the formation (132), and then combining the induction and galvanic logging measurements using an inversion technique to obtain a measurement of the selected parameters of the earth formation (132) surrounding the borehole (135) in the representative common volume (140) of the formation (132).
Abstract:
A method of forming a hydrostatic nut (36) that cooperates with a lead screw (38) for translating a cam grinder wheel head (26). An externally threaded lead screw master (66) is inserted into an internally threaded cylindrical mold (50). Beads of wax or tape (76, 78) are adhered to the external threads on the standard (66) while the rest of the standard (66) is treated with a release coating to define a continuous cavity (86, 88) between the internal threads of the nut (36) and the external threads on the standard (66). An epoxy resin is introduced into the cavity. The standard (66) is then removed and the wax or tape (76, 78) is removed to leave oppositely directed helical channels (86, 88) in the polymer. The helical channels are pressurized with a thin fluid film that prevents metal to metal contact.
Abstract:
A wellbore cable 100 has one or more fiber optic fibers 120,126 with one or more fiber Bragg gratings (127,129, Fig 3D) thereon or therein. Such a cable can be used in a system with an appropriate broadband source, detector system and other items (e.g. isolators, couplers, computers, and acoustic transmitters) to measure: the length of a cable in a wellbore, localized temperature in a wellbore, and strain on a cable or other item in a wellbore. A wellbore logging cable may have a hollow metal tube 118 through which extends strain-free at least one fiber optic. Copper conductors 112,113 are shown.
Abstract:
A method for producing synthetic tool responses for a well logging tool for an earth formation, the method including, in one aspect, generating wellbore logging data for a particular part of an earth formation with a wellbore logging system with a wellbore logging tool, the earth formation having at least one layer, producing an input earth model of the particular part of the earth formation based on the wellbore logging data, inputting the input earth model to a trained artificial neural network, e.g. )resident in a computer, the computer with the trained artificial neural network processing the input earth model and producing synthetic tool responses for the wellbore logging tool for one point or for a plurality of points in the earth formation.
Abstract:
A method for determining thermal neutron capture cross-section of an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore from counts of capture gamma rays detected at spaced apart locations from a source irradiating the formations with bursts of high energy neutrons. An apparent capture cross-section is determined from counts detected at one of the spaced apart locations. The apparent capture cross-section is adjusted by a correction factor calculated from counts detected at each of the spaced apart locations. The correction factor is calculated from an empirical relationship of known values of formation capture cross-section, wellbore diameter and wellbore capture cross section, with respect to counts detected at each of the spaced apart locations. Coefficients of the empirical relationship are determined by simulating counts which would be detected in response to the known values of formation capture cross-section, wellbore diameter and capture cross section. The coefficients are adjusted until differences between capture cross-section calculated by the relationship from the simulated counts and the known values of formation capture cross-section are minimized. In the preferred embodiment, coefficients are calculated for each one of at least two time regions into which the counts between successive bursts are segregated.
Abstract:
The invention is a nuclear magnetic resonance: apparatus comprising a magn et generating a static magnetic held in a first region containing materials to be analyzed. The magnet generates zero static magnetic field in a second region. The magn et has generally homogeneous magnetization along a longitudinal axis and is magnetized substantially perpendicular to the axis. The apparatus includes means for generating a radio frequency magnetic field in the first region for exciting nuclei of th e materials to be analyzed. The means for generating the radio frequency magnetic field is disposed within the second region. The apparatus includes receiving means for receiving a nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the excited nuclei. The means for receiving also provides an output indication of properties of the materials to be analyzed. In a preferred embodiment, the means for generating and receiving comprise an antenna at least partially disposed within the second region. In a specific embodiment, the antenna includes wire coils wound in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. A high permeability ferrite is included inside the wire coils.
Abstract:
A nuclear magnetic resonance well logging apparatus including a magnet f or inducing a static magnetic field in a substantially cylindrically shaped sector located in earth formations penetrated by a wellbore. The sector subtends an angle of about 60 degrees. The sector is located only on one side of the wellbore and has a longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the wellbore. The apparatus also includes a transmitter for generating a radio frequency magnetic field in the sector for exciting nucle i. The radio frequency magnetic field and the static magnetic field substantially satisfy nuclear magnetic resonance excitation conditions substantially exclusively within th e sector. The apparatus includes a receiver for detecting nuclear magnetic resonance signa ls from the excited nuclei. In one embodiment of the invention, the static magnetic fiel d has a longer dimension along the longitudinal axis than the active length of the transmitter, and the active length of the transmitter is greater than the active length of the receiver so that only fully polarized nuclei are excited by the radio frequency magnetic fiel d and NMR signals are detected only from fully radio frequency-excited nuclei.