Abstract:
A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with a reducible oxide of Pr, Tb, Ce, Fe or Ru. The oxide is preferably combined with an amount of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal which is sufficient to improve the selectivity to higher hydrocarbon products. The oxide is reduced by the contact which is carried at about 500 to 1000oC. Reducible oxides are regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with molecular oxygen.
Abstract:
A method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon product by contacting methane with a contact solid which comprises a reducible metal oxide which when contacted with methane at a temperature within the range of about 500 to 1000oC is reduced and produces higher hydrocarbon products and water; and a promoting amount of at least one halogen or chalcogen component.
Abstract:
A method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a hydrocarbon gas comprising methane, an oxygen-containing gas and a reducible metal oxide under synthesis conditions, the improvement which comprises contacting methane and oxygen with a contact solid which also contains a promoting amount of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and/or compounds thereof. Sodium is a particularly effective promotor. Stability of the promoted contact agent is enhanced by the presence of minor amounts of phosphorus.
Abstract:
Calcia-alumonosilicate glass and fiber glass compositions formed by adding at least one alkaline earth metal component to naturally occurring zeolite. The alkaline-resistant fiber glasses formed from such a batch have a low iron oxide content and may be added to cementitious bodies for reinforcement.
Abstract:
Glasses formed from natural occurring zeolites which are modified by the inclusion of additional alumina with or without the addition of an alkaline earth metal component. Said additions improve the fiberizability and alkaline resistance of the composition. The glasses derived from these compositions may be used in the form of containers, sheets, flakes, bubbles and fibers.
Abstract:
A composite sheet comprising a uniformly dispersed coating of silicon carbide whiskers on a substrate is produced by: (a) deagglomerating a whisker mass; (b) forming a slurry of deagglomerated whiskers; (c) coating the slurry upon a clean surface of the sheet; and (d) driving-off the solvent of the slurry.
Abstract:
Toxic wastes including naturally occurring radioactive materials are disposed of into subterranean earth formation zones which are bounded both above and below by zones which have higher in situ compressive stresses. The materials are prepared in a slurry of finely ground solids and a carrier liquid and are injected into a fracture created in the disposal zone by a process which includes initiating and extending the fracture with a fracturing fluid having a filter cake building solids material entrained therein to build a sealant layer on the fracture faces. The fracture fluid is followed by injection of the waste material which is followed by injection of more fracture fluid and/or a clear liquid such as fresh water or seawater to remove all toxic material from the injection well and the vicinity thereof. The fracture is then allowed to close to confine the waste material therein.
Abstract:
A method for injecting fluid, such as an accelerator, into a wellbore comprises storing the fluid in a reservoir, locating the reservoir downhole in the wellbore, and then transferring the fluid from the reservoir into the wellbore. More particularly, one embodiment of the method comprises storing the fluid in a reservoir in a plug, pumping the plug down casing in a wellbore, and transferring the fluid at the bottom of the wellbore via a venturi effect. Another embodiment of the method comprises storing the fluid in a reservoir integrated into the wall of a portion of casing, setting the casing in the wellbore, and then transferring the fluid via a venturi effect from the reservoir into the annulus defined between the casing and the wellbore.
Abstract:
A whipstock and method of using same wherein first and second opposing ends of the whipstock (30) are joined by opposing back (32) and guide (33) surfaces and the second or upper end of the whipstock is composed of at least two surfaces (35, 36), the first surface (35) being angled so as to direct a well tool impinging thereon toward the guide surface and the second surface (36) being angled so as to provide support for the whipstock when placed in a wellbore (1) at an angle to the long axis (4) of the wellbore.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for setting a whipstock (10, 62) in a subsurface well conduit (1) using a combination of an accelerator tool (96), jar tool (98), and setting tool (100), and a whipstock (10, 62) being shearingly carried by the setting tool (100), and using a jar tool (98) to shear and separate the whipstock (10, 62) from the setting tool (100).