Abstract:
Disclosed is a fluidized bed reactor for carrying out a gas phase reaction. A gaseous reaction mixture flows from the bottom to the top of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst that forms a fluidized bed in which baffles are arranged. Said fluidized bed reactor is characterized in that the baffles divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of cells horizontally disposed in the fluidized bed reactor and a plurality of cells vertically disposed in the fluidized bed reactor, the cell walls being gas-permeable and being provided with openings which ensure that the heterogeneous particulate catalyst reaches a transfer rate ranging from 1 to 100 liters/hour per liter of reactor volume in the vertical direction.
Abstract:
A process is proposed for preparing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride in the presence of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst by the Deacon process in a fluidized bed reactor (1), wherein the heat of reaction is removed by evaporative cooling with water which circulates in the tubes (2) of a shell and tube heat exchanger, wherein the water is supplied from a steam drum (4) via a feed line (5) to the tubes (2) of the shell and tube heat exchanger at one end thereof, it heats up in the tubes (2) by absorbing the heat of reaction and evaporates partly to obtain a water/steam mixture which is passed back into the steam drum (4) via a return line (6) at the other end of the tubes (2) of the shell and tube heat exchanger, which is characterized in that the maximum pressure for which the fluidized bed reactor (1) has to be designed for the event of fracture of a tube (2) of the shell and tube heat exchanger is minimized by introducing a valve (7) into the feed line (5) and into the return line (6), said valve (7), in the event of a pressure rise owing to the fracture of a tube (2), blocking the feed line (5) and the return line (6), thus preventing water from flowing out of the steam drum (4) into the fluidized bed reactor (1).
Abstract:
A process for preparing aromatic amines by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro compound in a fluidized-bed reactor, in which a gaseous reaction mixture comprising the nitro compound and hydrogen flows from the bottom upward through a heterogeneous particulate catalyst forming a fluidized bed, wherein the fluidized bed is provided with internals which divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of cells arranged horizontally in the fluidized-bed reactor and a plurality of cells arranged vertically in the fluidized-bed reactor, with the cells having cell walls which are permeable to gas and have openings which ensure an exchange number of the heterogeneous, particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range from 1 to 100 liters/hour per liter of reactor volume, is proposed.