公开(公告)号：WO1994007601A1

公开(公告)日：1994-04-14

申请号：PCT/US1993009234

申请日：1993-09-29

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  BRUSKY, Phyllis, L. ,  KUNG, Harold, H. ,  MICHALAKOS, Peter ,  MOSER, William, R. ,  SATEK, Larry, C. ,  PARTENHEIMER, Walter

IPC: B01J27/198

CPC classification number: C07C51/215 ,  B01J23/002 ,  B01J27/198 ,  B01J37/0054 ,  B01J2523/00 ,  C07C57/145 ,  B01J2523/51 ,  B01J2523/55

Abstract: A novel vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst obtained using a novel VPO preparation technique. The VPO composition is characterized by the powder x-ray diffraction pattern given in Table 1. The novel VPO preparation technique consists of 1) dissolving vanadium and phosphorus compositions in a solvent such as water to form a solution, 2) forming an aerosol from the resulting solution, 3) heating the aerosol to afford a VPO precursor, and 4) activating the VPO precursor to give the VPO catalyst. The activated VPO catalyst demonstrates selective oxidation activity for hydrocarbons and good conversion and selectivity for the oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride.

Abstract translation: 使用新型VPO制备技术获得的新型钒磷氧化物（VPO）催化剂。 VPO组合物的特征在于表1中给出的粉末x射线衍射图。新型VPO制备技术包括1）将钒和磷组合物溶解在溶剂如水中以形成溶液，2）从 3）加热气溶胶以提供VPO前体，和4）活化VPO前体得到VPO催化剂。 活化的VPO催化剂表现出对烃的选择性氧化活性，并且对于将丁烷氧化成马来酸酐具有良好的转化率和选择性。

公开(公告)号：WO1994004285A1

公开(公告)日：1994-03-03

申请号：PCT/US1993007209

申请日：1993-07-30

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  AFFINITO, John, David

IPC: B05D07/24

CPC classification number: B05D5/068 ,  B05D3/0493

Abstract: The present invention is the formation of solid polymer layers under vacuum. More specifically, the present invention is the use of "standard" polymer layer-making equipment that is generally used in an atmospheric environment in a vacuum, and degassing the monomer material prior to injection into the vacuum. Additional layers of polymer or metal or oxide may be vacuum deposited onto solid polymer layers. Formation of polymer layers under a vacuum improves material and surface characteristics, and subsequent quality of bonding to additional layers. Further advantages include use of less to no photoinitiator for curing, faster curing, fewer impurities in the polymer electrolyte, as well as improvement in material properties including no trapped gas resulting in greater density, and reduced monomer wetting angle that facilitates spreading of the monomer and provides a smoother finished surface.

Abstract translation: 本发明是在真空下形成固体聚合物层。 更具体地，本发明是使用通常在真空中的大气环境中使用的“标准”聚合物层制备设备，并且在注入真空之前使单体材料脱气。 聚合物或金属或氧化物的附加层可以真空沉积到固体聚合物层上。 聚合物层在真空下的形成改善了材料和表面特性，以及随后的附着层粘接质量。 其他优点包括使用较少至无光引发剂用于固化，更快固化，较少的聚合物电解质中的杂质，以及改善材料性能，包括没有产生更大密度的捕获气体，以及降低的单体润湿角度，有利于单体的扩散， 提供更光滑的成品表面。

公开(公告)号：WO1993009888A1

公开(公告)日：1993-05-27

申请号：PCT/US1992009764

申请日：1992-11-12

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  HEATH, William ,  RICHARDSON, Richard ,  GOHEEN, Steven

IPC: B09B03/00

CPC classification number: B09C1/06 ,  B09C2101/00 ,  E02D3/11 ,  H05B3/0004 ,  H05B3/03

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of treating solid earthen material having volatile, semi-volatile, and non-volatile contaminants. Six electrodes are inserted into a region of earthen material to be treated in a substantially equilateral hexagonal arrangement. Six phases of voltages are applied to corresponding electrodes. The voltages are adjusted within a first range of voltages to create multiple current paths between pairs of the electrodes. The current paths are evenly distributed throughout the region defined by the electrodes and therefore uniformly heat the region. The region of earthen material is heated to a temperature sufficient to substantially remove volatile and semi-volatile contaminants by promoting microbial action. This temperature is less than a melting temperature of the earthen material.

Abstract translation: 本发明包括处理具有挥发性，半挥发性和非挥发性污染物的固体土材料的方法。 将六个电极以基本上等边的六边形布置插入待处理的土壤材料的区域中。 将六相电压施加到相应的电极。 在第一电压范围内调节电压以在电极对之间产生多个电流路径。 电流路径均匀分布在由电极限定的区域内，因此均匀地加热该区域。 将土壤材料的区域加热到足以通过促进微生物作用来基本上除去挥发性和半挥发性污染物的温度。 该温度低于土壤材料的熔融温度。

公开(公告)号：WO1992015985A1

公开(公告)日：1992-09-17

申请号：PCT/US1992001548

申请日：1992-02-25

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  EPSTEIN, Harold, M. ,  DULANEY, Jeffrey, L. ,  SOKOL, David, W.

IPC: G10K15/04

CPC classification number: G10K15/046

Abstract: Apparatus for improving properties of a solid material by providing shock waves therein. A laser oscillator (10a) provides a plurality of pulses (112) of coherent radiation. The leading edge of each pulse is sharpened either by a metal foil (18) or by phase conjugation reflection means (18a, 18e) including a stimulated Brillouin scattering cell (18d, 18e) and optionally a Faraday isolator (18b). Each pulse is directed onto an amplifier (123) comprising first and second laser amplifier rods (23a, 23b) in series. At least a major portion of the radiation (112) amplified by the first amplifier rod (23a) is directed to the second amplifier rod (23b), where it is amplified and then directed to a surface of the solid material. Substantially uniform spatial amplitude is achieved in the radiation (112) in at least one of these ways: a pair of flashlamps (70, 71) are included with each laser amplifier rod (23a, 23b) for pumping the rod; the axis of each flashlamp (70, 71) and the axis of the first rod (23a) are substantially parallel to each other and substantially in the same (first) plane; and a (second) plane containing the axis of the second rod (23b) and the parallel axes of its associated flashlamps (70, 71) is substantially perpendicular to the first plane; and/or the oscillator (10c) provides a beam of unpolarized coherent radiation (12T) in which the spatial amplitude pattern of each succeeding pulse is substantially a mirror image of the pattern in the pulse that preceded it, or is rotated about its axis by a predetermined smaller angle from the pattern in the pulse that preceded it.

Abstract translation: 用于通过在其中提供冲击波来改善固体材料的性质的装置。 激光振荡器（10a）提供多个相干辐射的脉冲（112）。 每个脉冲的前沿通过金属箔（18）或包括受激布里渊散射单元（18d，18e）和可选的法拉第隔离器（18b）的相位共轭反射装置（18a，18e）来削尖。 每个脉冲被引导到包括串联的第一和第二激光放大器杆（23a，23b）的放大器（123）上。 由第一放大器杆（23a）放大的放射线（112）的至少主要部分被引导到第二放大器杆（23b），在该第二放大器杆（23b）被放大，然后被引导到固体材料的表面。 以这些方式中的至少一种方式在辐射（112）中实现基本均匀的空间幅度：每个用于泵送杆的激光放大器杆（23a，23b）包括一对闪光灯（70,71） 每个闪光灯（70,71）的轴线和第一杆（23a）的轴线基本上彼此平行并且基本上在相同（第一）平面中; 和包含第二杆（23b）的轴线并且其相关联的闪光灯（70,71）的平行轴线的第二平面基本上垂直于第一平面; 和/或振荡器（10c）提供非偏振相干辐射束（12T），其中每个后续脉冲的空间幅度图案基本上是其前面的脉冲中的图案的镜像，或者绕其轴线旋转 与其之前的脉冲中的图案相比预定的较小的角度。

公开(公告)号：WO1992013927A1

公开(公告)日：1992-08-20

申请号：PCT/US1992001007

申请日：1992-02-06

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  SCHWERZEL, Robert, E. ,  SPAHR, Kevin, B.

IPC: C09K09/00

CPC classification number: G02B5/23 ,  C09K9/00

Abstract: A photochromic composition for incorporation into a light-transmitting polymer is described. Silver-containing crystallites of silver halide or non-halide silver complex are capped with an organic capping group using multivalent metal ions integrated into the surface of the silver-containing crystallite to provide crystallite surface sites that provide a handle between the organic capping group and the silver-containing crystallites. The size of the capped silver-containing crystallites are less than about 1000 Å. A reverse micelle technique is used to control the size of the silver-containing crystallite while integrating the multivalent ions and bonding the organic capping group. The capped crystallites are soluble in organic solvents and, as such, are readily incorporated into a polymer matrix.

公开(公告)号：WO1992013032A1

公开(公告)日：1992-08-06

申请号：PCT/US1992000544

申请日：1992-01-22

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  DICK, Richard, J. ,  FULTON, Nancy, J. ,  PFAU, James, P. ,  BAILEY, Philip, E. ,  BOOTON, John, D.

IPC: C08L57/10

CPC classification number: C08J5/046 ,  C08J5/045 ,  C08J2333/00 ,  C08K7/02 ,  C08L33/02

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a water-resistant, aqueous base-dispersible article which comprises a pulp-filled binder, one of which is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylated (e.g. acrylic) polymer soluble in base, the other of which is water-resistant. Accordingly, the pulp can be water-resistant while the binder is base-dispersible or the converse can be true. Cellulosic and polymeric pulp are ideally suited for filling a base-soluble acrylic polymer. Water-soluble resins can be incorporated into the article for controlling the properties for special purposes. The method for forming such an article comprises yet another aspect of the present invention.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种耐水基底分散性制品，其包括填充纸浆的粘合剂，其中之一是可溶于碱的烯属不饱和羧酸（例如丙烯酸）聚合物，另一种是耐水性的。 因此，纸浆可以是防水的，而粘合剂是可分散的或相反的。 纤维素和聚合纸浆理想地用于填充碱溶性丙烯酸聚合物。 可以将水溶性树脂并入制品中用于特殊目的的控制。 形成这种制品的方法包括本发明的另一方面。

公开(公告)号：WO1992004413A1

公开(公告)日：1992-03-19

申请号：PCT/US1991006327

申请日：1991-09-04

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  SINCLAIR, Richard, G. ,  PRESTON, Joseph, R.

IPC: C08L67/04

CPC classification number: D21H17/53 ,  A61L15/26 ,  A61L15/62 ,  B01J2219/1942 ,  C08G63/08 ,  C08J5/18 ,  C08J2367/04 ,  C08K5/101 ,  C08L53/00 ,  C08L57/00 ,  C08L67/00 ,  C08L67/02 ,  C08L67/025 ,  C08L67/04 ,  C08L2666/28 ,  C09D167/04 ,  C09J167/04 ,  C08L2666/14 ,  C08L29/00 ,  C08L2666/18 ,  C08L2666/02 ,  C08L2666/26

Abstract: A first general embodiment includes environmentally biodegradable compositions of poly(lactic acid) intimately plasticized with derivatives of oligomers of lactic acid, and mixtures such as lactic acid. A second general embodiment includes biodegradable polymer comprising polymerized lactic acid where the number of repeating lactic acid units n is an integer between 450 and 10,000 and the alpha carbon is a mixture of L- and D-configurations with a preponderance of either D- or L-units. A third general embodiment includes an environmentally degradable composition of blends of a physical mixture of poly(lactic acid), and a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene terephthalate), a polymer or copolymer of styrene, ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate, and physical mixtures thereof. A fourth general embodiment includes an environmentally degradable composition that comprises blends of a physical mixture of a poly(lactic acid), comprising about 1 to 99 weight percent of the composition, and an elastomeric blend compatible polymer.

Abstract translation: 第一个一般实施方案包括用乳酸低聚物的衍生物和乳酸等混合物紧密塑化的聚（乳酸）的环境可生物降解的组合物。 第二个一般实施方案包括包含聚合乳酸的可生物降解的聚合物，其中重复乳酸单元数n为450和10,000之间的整数，α碳是具有D或L优势的L-和D-构型的混合物 -单位。 第三个一般实施方案包括由聚（乳酸）和选自聚（对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯），苯乙烯，乙烯，丙烯，氯乙烯的聚合物或共聚物的聚合物的聚（乳酸）的物理混合物的共混物的环境可降解组合物 ，乙酸乙烯酯，甲基丙烯酸烷基酯，丙烯酸烷基酯及其物理混合物。 第四个一般实施方案包括可环境降解的组合物，其包含包含约1至99重量％组合物的聚（乳酸）和弹性共混物相容性聚合物的物理混合物的混合物。

公开(公告)号：WO1991011527A2

公开(公告)日：1991-08-08

申请号：PCT/US1991000403

申请日：1991-01-22

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  WALKUP, Paul, C. ,  ROHRMANN, Charles, A. ,  HALLEN, Richard, T. ,  EAKIN, David, E.

IPC: C12P07/56

CPC classification number: C12P7/56 ,  C07C67/08 ,  C07C67/327 ,  C07C69/54

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for producing lactic acid, esters of lactic acid, acrylic acid, and esters of acrylic acid, primarily from fermentable carbohydrate materials. An overall process for producing esters of acrylic acid comprises: a) fermenting carbohydrate material with a lactic-acid-forming organism in the presence of NH3 to produce ammonium lactate; b) combining the ammonium lactate with an alcohol; c) combining the ammonium lactate and alcohol with an effective catalyzing amount of gaseous CO2 to catalytically esterify the ammonium lactate and alcohol into a lactic acid ester containing solution; d) recovering purified lactic acid ester; and e) vaporizing the lactic acid ester and passing it through a solid catalyst bed comprised of an effective catalyzing amount of crystalline hydrated and partially calcined calcium sulfate to catalytically convert lactic acid ester into an acrylic acid ester. Step 'd' would be useful in a process for making low-cost, purified lactic acid. Similarly, step 'e' would be useful in a process for making low cost, purified acrylic acid.

公开(公告)号：WO1991011476A2

公开(公告)日：1991-08-08

申请号：PCT/US1991000742

申请日：1991-02-04

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  MARKLE, Richard, A. ,  BRUSKY, Phyllis, L. ,  CREMEANS, George, E.

IPC: C08G18/06

CPC classification number: C08G18/6453 ,  C08G18/2815 ,  C08G18/3215 ,  C08G18/3221 ,  C08G18/3897 ,  C08G18/4222 ,  C08G18/44 ,  C08G18/6438 ,  C08G18/664 ,  C08G18/8029 ,  C08G18/8067 ,  C08G2120/00 ,  C08G2150/20 ,  C08G2170/20 ,  C08G2250/00

Abstract: Thermally-reversible polymer compositions are obtained by reacting compounds with isocyanate and labile-hydrogen functionality. High-performance characteristics are incorporated into the polymer by using polyimide, aromatic polycarbonate, aromatic polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, and poly(parabanic acid) oligomers. Low-temperature flexibility and toughness are imparted to the polymers by using prepolymers such as polycaprolactone diols, polytetramethylene ether glycols and polyaliphatic carbonate diols. Ionic bonding and liquid-crystal functionality may also be incorporated into the compositions. The compositions are useful as hot-melt adhesives, coatings, and moldings and in injection reaction molding applications and composite and laminate fabrication.

Abstract translation: 通过使化合物与异氰酸酯和不稳定 - 氢官能团反应获得热可逆聚合物组合物。 通过使用聚酰亚胺，芳族聚碳酸酯，芳族聚酯，聚苯硫醚和聚（对苯二酸）低聚物，将高性能特性引入聚合物。 通过使用聚己内酯二醇，聚四亚甲基醚二醇和聚脂肪族碳酸酯二醇等预聚物，赋予聚合物低温的柔韧性和韧性。 离子键合和液晶官能团也可以并入组合物中。 该组合物可用作热熔粘合剂，涂料和模制品，以及注射反应模塑应用和复合材料和层压制品。

公开(公告)号：WO1991006015A2

公开(公告)日：1991-05-02

申请号：PCT/US1990005810

申请日：1990-10-09

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  MILLER, Steven, D. ,  MCDONALD, Joseph, C. ,  EICHNER, Fred, N. ,  TOMERAASEN, Paul, L.

IPC: G01T01/11

CPC classification number: G01T1/11

Abstract: The amount of ionizing radiation to which a thermoluminescent material has been exposed is determined by first cooling the thermoluminescent material to a cryogenic temperature. The thermoluminescent material is then optically stimulated by exposure to ultraviolet light. Visible light emitted by the thermoluminescent material as it is allowed to warm up to room temperature is detected and counted. The thermoluminescent material may be annealed by exposure to ultraviolet light.

Abstract translation: 通过首先将热发光材料冷却至低温来确定暴露于热发光材料的电离辐射的量。 然后通过暴露于紫外光来光学刺激热发光材料。 检测并计数由热发光材料发出的可预热到室温的可见光。 热致发光材料可以通过暴露于紫外光进行退火。