公开(公告)号：WO2012003440A2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-05

申请号：PCT/US2011/042790

申请日：2011-07-01

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ,  FORREST, Stephen, R.

Inventor： FORREST, Stephen, R.

IPC: B41J2/175 ,  B41J29/393

CPC classification number: B41J11/008 ,  B41J25/308 ,  B41J25/3082

Abstract: An OVJP apparatus and method for applying organic vapor or other flowable material to a substrate using a printing head mechanism in which the print head spacing from the substrate is controllable using a cushion of air or other gas applied between the print head and substrate. The print head is mounted for translational movement towards and away from the substrate and is biased toward the substrate by springs or other means. A gas cushion feed assembly supplies a gas under pressure between the print head and substrate which opposes the biasing of the print head toward the substrate so as to form a space between the print head and substrate. By controlling the pressure of gas supplied, the print head separation from the substrate can be precisely controlled.

Abstract translation: 用于使用打印头机构将有机蒸气或其他可流动材料施加到基底的OVJP设备和方法，其中使用空气或其他气体的垫子来控制打印头与基底的间距 打印头和基板。 打印头被安装用于朝向和远离衬底的平移运动，并且通过弹簧或其他手段朝向衬底偏置。 气垫供给组件在印刷头和基板之间提供压力下的气体，该气体与印刷头的偏压相反地朝向基板，从而在印刷头和基板之间形成空间。 通过控制供应气体的压力，可以精确控制打印头与基板的分离。

公开(公告)号：WO2011066029A2

公开(公告)日：2011-06-03

申请号：PCT/US2010/048213

申请日：2010-09-09

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ,  FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  ZIMMERMAN, Jeramy ,  LEE, Kyusang ,  SHIU, Kuen-Ting

Inventor： FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  ZIMMERMAN, Jeramy ,  LEE, Kyusang ,  SHIU, Kuen-Ting

IPC: H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L31/1892 ,  H01L21/7813 ,  H01L31/0735 ,  H01L31/1852 ,  H01L31/1896 ,  Y02E10/544

Abstract: There is disclosed methods of making photosensitive devices, such as flexible photovoltaic (PV) devices, through the use of epitaxial liftoff. Also described herein are methods of preparing flexible PV devices comprising a structure having a growth substrate, wherein the selective etching of protective layers yields a smooth growth substrate that us suitable for reuse.

Abstract translation: 公开了通过使用外延剥离来制造诸如柔性光伏（PV）器件的光敏器件的方法。 本文还描述了制备包括具有生长衬底的结构的柔性PV器件的方法，其中保护层的选择性蚀刻产生适合于再利用的平滑生长衬底。

公开(公告)号：WO2010111386A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-30

申请号：PCT/US2010/028495

申请日：2010-03-24

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ,  FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  MCGRAW, Gregory

Inventor： FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  MCGRAW, Gregory

IPC: C23C14/04 ,  B41J2/005

CPC classification number: B05B1/02 ,  B05C5/0291 ,  B41J2/005 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/24 ,  C23C16/54

Abstract: A first device is provided. The first device includes a print head, and a first gas source hermetically sealed to the print head. The print head further includes a first layer further comprising a plurality of apertures, each aperture having a smallest dimension of 0.5 to 500 microns. A second layer is bonded to the firs 5 t layer. The second layer includes a first via in fluid communication with the first gas source and at least one of the apertures. The second layer is made of an insulating material.

Abstract translation: 提供第一个设备。 第一装置包括打印头和密封到打印头的第一气体源。 打印头还包括还包括多个孔的第一层，每个孔具有0.5至500微米的最小尺寸。 第二层结合到第5层。 第二层包括与第一气体源流体连通的第一通孔和至少一个孔。 第二层由绝缘材料制成。

公开(公告)号：WO2017147144A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-31

申请号：PCT/US2017/018865

申请日：2017-02-22

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  LEE, Kyusang, Lee ,  LEE, Byungjun

IPC: H01L31/054 ,  H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L31/0547 ,  H01L31/18 ,  Y02E10/52

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compound parabolic concentrators. In one implementation, a compound parabolic concentrator may include a parabolic array having a base, a side wall, and an aperture for receiving light and a dielectric layer having a refractive index. In another implementation, a stacked compound parabolic concentrator may include a parabolic array having a base, a side wall, and an aperture for receiving light and multiple dielectric layers within the array. Each dielectric layer may have a refractive index, and the refractive index may decrease with each dielectric layer moving from the base of the parabolic array to the light receiving aperture.

Abstract translation: 本公开涉及复合抛物面聚光器。 在一个实施方式中，复合抛物面聚光器可以包括抛物面阵列，该抛物面阵列具有用于接收光的基部，侧壁和孔以及具有折射率的电介质层。 在另一个实施方式中，堆叠式复合抛物面聚光器可以包括具有底座，侧壁和用于接收光的孔径以及阵列内的多个介电层的抛物面阵列。 每个电介质层可以具有折射率，并且折射率可以随着每个电介质层从抛物线阵列的基部移动到光接收孔径而减小。

公开(公告)号：WO2017062440A1

公开(公告)日：2017-04-13

申请号：PCT/US2016/055473

申请日：2016-10-05

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  LEE, Kyusang ,  QU, Boning

IPC: F24J2/14 ,  F24J2/54 ,  H02S20/30

CPC classification number: F24S30/425 ,  F24S23/74 ,  F24S30/20 ,  F24S2020/16 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  F24S2025/6007 ,  F24S2030/12 ,  F24S2030/134 ,  F24S2030/14 ,  H02S20/30 ,  Y02E10/45 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: A solar tracking system for tracking the orientation of solar energy is disclosed. The solar tracking system may be integrated with solar cells and solar concentrators. The solar tracking system may have a first (22) and second (24) tracker module array that are opposite from another, aligned in substantially identical orientation, and form a tracker module pair array (1000). Tracker module pairs (12, 14; 12, 144) may allow motion relative to one another while maintaining substantially identical orientation. Solar concentrators may be attached to opposing tracker modules of a tracker module pair forming an array of solar concentrators. A base bar array (28) may be coupled to at least one tracker module pair. A transmission may operably rotate the base bar array and the tracker module pair array simultaneously.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种跟踪太阳能取向的太阳跟踪系统。 太阳能跟踪系统可以与太阳能电池和太阳能集中器集成。 太阳跟踪系统可以具有与另一个相反的第一（22）和第二（24）跟踪器模块阵列，以基本相同的取向对准，并且形成跟踪器模块对阵列（1000）。 跟踪器模块对（12,14; 12,144）可以允许相对于彼此的运动，同时保持基本相同的取向。 太阳能集中器可以附接到形成太阳能聚光器阵列的跟踪器模块对的相对跟踪器模块上。 基座阵列（28）可以耦合到至少一个跟踪器模块对。 变速器可以同时操作地旋转基座杆阵列和跟踪器模块对阵列。

公开(公告)号：WO2016138514A1

公开(公告)日：2016-09-01

申请号：PCT/US2016/020039

申请日：2016-02-29

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  LEE, Kyusang

IPC: H01L31/043 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/0687 ,  H01L31/0725 ,  H01L31/076 ,  H01L31/078 ,  H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L51/4246 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L31/02327 ,  H01L31/035209 ,  H01L31/035218 ,  H01L31/043 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H01L31/0687 ,  H01L31/0725 ,  H01L31/076 ,  H01L31/078 ,  H01L31/1013 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0047 ,  H01L51/447 ,  Y02E10/544 ,  Y02E10/548 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: A method of fabricating a multi-junction photosensitive device is provided. The method may include fabricating at least two photoactive layers, wherein at least one photoactive layer is fabricated on a transparent substrate, and at least one photoactive layer is fabricated on a reflective substrate, patterning at least one optical filter layer on at least one photoactive layer fabricated on a transparent substrate, and bonding the at least two photoactive layers using cold weld or van der Waals bonding. A multi-junction photosensitive device is also provided. The device may have at least two photoactive layers, and at least one optical filter layer, wherein at least two layers are bonded using cold weld or van der Waals bonding. The optical filter layer may be a Distributed Bragg Reflector.

Abstract translation: 提供一种制造多结光敏器件的方法。 该方法可以包括制造至少两个光活性层，其中在透明基底上制造至少一个光敏层，并且在反射基板上制造至少一个光活性层，在至少一个光活性层上构图至少一个光学滤光层 制造在透明基板上，并使用冷焊或范德华键合键合至少两个光活性层。 还提供了多结光敏器件。 该器件可以具有至少两个光活性层和至少一个光学滤光层，其中使用冷焊或范德华键合至少两层结合。 光学滤波器层可以是分布式布拉格反射器。

公开(公告)号：WO2015168272A1

公开(公告)日：2015-11-05

申请号：PCT/US2015/028273

申请日：2015-04-29

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： SARABANDI, Kamal ,  LEE, Kyusang ,  FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  OH, Jungsuek

IPC: H01L31/046 ,  H01L27/142 ,  B64C33/00

CPC classification number: H01L31/046 ,  B64C33/00 ,  B64C39/028 ,  B64C2201/025 ,  B64C2201/066 ,  B64D2211/00 ,  H01L27/142 ,  H01L31/022425 ,  H01L31/184 ,  H01L31/1868 ,  H01Q9/0421 ,  Y02E10/50

Abstract: A device comprising a thin film solar cell with an integrated flexible antenna, such as a meander line antenna, is disclosed. In an embodiment, the device comprises a substrate and an array of solar cells disposed on the substrate, wherein the array of solar cells are interconnected by metal conductors that carry DC power from the solar cells and which form at least part of the flexible antenna. In their capacity as an antenna, the metal conductors operate cooperatively with the solar cells to radiate an RF signal, receive an RF signal, or both radiate and receive an RF signal. The device optionally comprises a choke disposed on the substrate and electrically coupled to the array of solar cells, wherein the choke operates to impede conduction of the RF signal. A method of making the disclosed device is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种包括具有集成柔性天线的薄膜太阳能电池的装置，例如曲折线天线。 在一个实施例中，该装置包括衬底和设置在衬底上的太阳能电池阵列，其中太阳能电池阵列由携带来自太阳能电池的DC电力并且形成柔性天线的至少一部分的金属导体互连。 以它们作为天线的能力，金属导体与太阳能电池协同工作以辐射RF信号，接收RF信号，或者两者辐射并接收RF信号。 该装置可选地包括设置在基板上并电耦合到太阳能电池阵列的扼流器，其中扼流器操作以阻止RF信号的导通。 还公开了制造所公开的装置的方法。

公开(公告)号：WO2015154088A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-08

申请号：PCT/US2015/024565

申请日：2015-04-06

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： CHE, Xiaozhou ,  XIAO, Xin ,  FORREST, Stephen, R.

IPC: H01L51/46

CPC classification number: H01L51/4246 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0054 ,  H01L51/0056 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0068 ,  H01L51/0069 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/422 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: A highly efficient multi-junction photovoltaic device, such as a two, three, or four junction device, is disclosed. The multi-junction device may include a first subcell comprising a first photoactive region and a second subcell comprising a second photoactive region. The first and second photoactive regions are designed to minimize spectral overlap and maximize photocurrent across a broad absorption spectra, such as wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 900 nm. The device may further include an interconnecting layer, disposed between the first subcell and the second subcell, that is at least substantially transparent. By introducing a transparent interconnecting layer, a dual element (tandem) cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 10.0 ± 0.5%. By adding an additional (3 rd ) sub-cell that absorbs at the second order optical interference maximum within the stack. The triple-junction cell significantly improves the quantum efficiency at shorter wavelengths, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 11.1 ± 0.5%. Adding additional sub-cells has been shown to increase power conversion efficiency above 12%.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种高效率的多结光伏器件，例如两个，三个或四个接合器件。 多结器件可以包括包括第一光活性区域的第一子电池和包括第二光活性区域的第二子电池。 第一和第二光活性区域被设计成使光谱重叠最小化并且在宽吸收光谱（例如400nm至900nm的波长）之间最大化光电流。 设备还可以包括布置在第一子电池和第二子电池之间的互连层，其至少是基本上透明的。 通过引入透明互连层，双元件（串联）单元实现10.0±0.5％的功率转换效率。 通过添加在堆叠内吸收二阶光学干涉最大值的附加（第三）子单元。 三结电池在较短波长下显着提高了量子效率，实现了11.1±0.5％的功率转换效率。 已经显示添加附加子单元可以提高12％以上的功率转换效率。

公开(公告)号：WO2015154080A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-08

申请号：PCT/US2015/024532

申请日：2015-04-06

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： LEE, Kyusang ,  FORREST, Stephen, R.

IPC: H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/18 ,  H01L31/054

CPC classification number: H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H01L31/1896 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/544

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of preparing a photovoltaic device. In particular, the method comprises making thin-film GaAs solar cells integrated with low-cost, thermoformed, lightweight and wide acceptance angle mini-CPCs. The fabrication combines ND-ELO thin film cells that are cold-welded to a foil substrate, and subsequently attached to the CPCs in an adhesive-free transfer printing process. There is also disclosed an improved photovoltaic device made by the disclosed method. The improved photovoltaic device comprises a thin-film solar integrated with non-tracking mini-compound parabolic concentrators, wherein the plastic compound parabolic concentrator comprise two parabolas tilted at an angle equal to the acceptance angle of the compound parabolic concentrator.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种制备光伏器件的方法。 特别地，该方法包括将薄膜GaAs太阳能电池与低成本，热成型，轻量化和广泛的接收角度小型CPC相结合。 该制造将冷焊的ND-ELO薄膜电池结合到箔基底上，随后在无粘合剂的转印印刷工艺中连接到CPC。 还公开了通过所公开的方法制造的改进的光伏器件。 改进的光伏器件包括与非跟踪微型复合抛物面聚光器集成的薄膜太阳能，其中塑料复合抛物面聚光器包括以等于复合抛物面聚光器的接收角度的倾斜倾斜的两个抛物线。

公开(公告)号：WO2015084868A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-11

申请号：PCT/US2014/068197

申请日：2014-12-02

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： FORREST, Stephen, R. ,  LEE, Kyusang

IPC: H01L21/20

CPC classification number: H01L27/127 ,  H01L21/02002 ,  H01L21/30604 ,  H01L21/7806 ,  H01L21/7813 ,  H01L29/66742 ,  H01L33/0079

Abstract: Thin-film electronic devices such as LED devices and field effect transistor devices are fabricated using a non-destructive epitaxial lift-off technique that allows indefinite reuse of a growth substrate. The method includes providing an epitaxial protective layer on the growth substrate and a sacrificial release layer between the protective layer and an active device layer. After the device layer is released from the growth substrate, the protective layer is selectively etched to provide a newly exposed surface suitable for epitaxial growth of another device layer. The entire thickness of the growth substrate is preserved, enabling continued reuse. Inorganic thin-film device layers can be transferred to a flexible secondary substrate, enabling formation of curved inorganic optoelectronic devices.

Abstract translation: 诸如LED器件和场效应晶体管器件之类的薄膜电子器件使用非破坏性外延剥离技术制造，其允许生长衬底的无限重复使用。 该方法包括在生长衬底上提供外延保护层和在保护层和有源器件层之间提供牺牲剥离层。 在从生长衬底释放器件层之后，选择性地蚀刻保护层以提供适合于另一器件层的外延生长的新露出的表面。 生长衬底的整个厚度被保留，使得能够持续重复使用。 无机薄膜器件层可以转移到柔性的二次基底上，从而形成弯曲的无机光电器件。