Abstract:
Apparatus for producing decay time weighted information (e.g. a decay time weighted image) of a luminescent sample, comprises and excitation light source arranged to illuminate the sample, means for modulating or pulsing the intensity of the excitation light in a predetermined cyclical manner, detector means for detecting photons emitted by the sample as a result of luminescence, means for storing data representative of detected photons, the stored data being weighted as a function of phase difference between detection of photons and the cyclically varying modulation, and means for producing decay time weighted information from the stored data.
Abstract:
An avalanche diode arrangement (10) comprises an avalanche diode (11) that is coupled to a first voltage terminal (16) and to a first node (13), an event detector (14) for detecting a trigger event of the avalanche diode (11) and being coupled to the first node (13), a quenching circuit (15) that is coupled to the first node (13), and a detection circuit (20) coupled to the first node (13). The detection circuit (20) is configured to provide a detection signal (SVC2) that depends on a value of a node voltage (SVA) at the first node (13).
Abstract:
There is provided a solid-state image pickup device including: a semiconductor substrate (21); a photodiode (11A, 11B) formed in the semiconductor substrate; a transistor (10) having a gate electrode (14) part or all of which is embedded in the semiconductor substrate, the transistor being configured to read a signal electric charge from the photodiode via the gate electrode; and an electric charge transfer layer (13) provided between the gate electrode and the photodiode.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Auslesen elektronischer Signale (t1,t4) aus hochauflösenden thermischen Sensoren (1',1*) mit kleinen Signalen und kleiner Signaldynamik angegeben, welche ein störungsfreies Auslesen von Einzelelementen aus einer größeren Sensoranordnung (Sonsorarray) gestattet. Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum störungsfreien Auslesen elektronischer Signale von Einzelelementen hochauflösender Anordnungen (Arrays) von thermischen Sensoren (1',1*) wie Thermoelemente, Thermopiles, Pyrometer und Bolometer. Die Signale werden mittels Multiplexer über zumindest eine Datenleitung (4‘) seriell ausgelesen, wobei zwischen jedem einzelnen Sensorelement (1‘,1*) und dem Multiplexer (2) jewells ein eigener Verstärker (3‘, 3*) geschaltet ist.
Abstract:
A device for detecting optical radiation with a focusing means (1) for focusing to a focal plane and a detector means (8) with at least one detector element (12) in a detector plane (9) is described. It is primarily characterized by at least one optical fibre (2, 3) which guides radiation from the focal plane to the detector plane (9). An optical element (6) with substantially the same refractive index as that in the optical fibre (2, 3) is arranged between inlet plane (5) of the optical fibre and the focusing means (1). The radiation coming into said inlet plane (5) forms the angle (delta) with the longitudinal axis (10) of the optical fibre, which in turn forms the angle (alpha) with a normal to the exit plane (7) of the optical fibre. If (alpha) is greater than 1,5 (delta), radiation reflected from the detector plane (9) spreads outside the focusing means. (alpha) shall be smaller than the angle that means total reflection in the exit plane (7) of the optical fibre.
Abstract:
An adaptive laser system (10) incorporates a laser (12) and a novel system and method for determining the slope distribution of a laser beam wavefront. The sensor comprises a ramp filter (16) with a continuous monotonically varying transmittance function and two intensity distribution sensors (18 and 20). Lenses (24, 26 and 28) are provided for focusing and collimating the laser beam as appropriate. A processor (22) calculates the slope distribution from the two intensity distributions obtained by the intensity sensors. The slope calculations can be used to determine commands to predistort the laser beam to approximate a desired flat wavefront at the sensor. The transmittance function of the ramp filter is linear and its spatial width is considerably larger than the expected spreading of the beam due to distorsions in the wavefront. Accordingly, the slope distribution is calculated by pointwise differencing the intensities, normalizing by dividing by the sum of the intensities, and scaling by a factor of one half. Accordingly, a solid state slope sensor which is fast, reliable, economical, and capable of high-resolution evaluations of pulsed as well as continuous wave laser beams is provided.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Vermessen eines Innengewindes (160) eines Werkstücks (180) mittels eines Koordinatenmessgeräts (28) mit Hilfe eines CCD- oder CMOS-Sensors (200), wobei von einem Abschnitt (A) des Innengewindes (160) mindestens zwei Bilder mit dem CCD- oder CMOS-Sensor (200) aufgenommen werden, wobei die Aufnahmebedingungen für die mindestens zwei Bilder verändert werden und wobei die Daten dieser mindestens zwei aufgenommenen Bilder zumindest teilweise dazu verwendet werden, die Position, die Orientierung, den Kerndurchmesser und/oder die Steigung des Innengewindes (160) zu ermitteln. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung (100) zum Vermessen eines Innengewindes (160) eines Werkstücks (180) mittels eines Koordinatenmessgeräts (28) mit Hilfe eines CCD- oder CMOS-Sensors (200) mit dem genannten Verfahren umfassend ein Objektiv (120) und ein optisches Umlenkelement (140), wobei das optische Umlenkelement (140) so gestaltet ist, dass es in das Innengewinde (160) eingeführt und an diesem entlanggeführt werden kann, wobei das Objektiv (120) im Zusammenspiel mit dem optischen Umlenkelement (140) für eine Abbildung eines Abschnitts (A) des Innengewindes (160) auf den CCD- oder CMOS-Sensor (200) sorgt, und wobei das Objektiv (120) für die Aufnahme von mindestens zwei Bildern des Abschnitts (A) des Innengewindes (160) mittels des CCD- oder CMOS-Sensors (20) die Perspektive ändern kann.
Abstract:
Apparatus for the analysis of individual particle characteristics from an aerosol or other suspension of particles includes: a scattering chamber (15) including an ellipsoidal reflector (17) having an orifice therein leading to a rear chamber (20); a monochromatic light source (10) adapted to transmit a collimated beam of light (11) along the main axis of the reflector (17); means (26, 27) for directing a stream of the particles through the beam of light (11) as substantially the main focus (60) of the reflector (17); a ccd video recorder (36) having a two dimensional array of a multitude of sensors arranged to image light scattered from a particle in the stream of particles; an optical system (17, 32, 33, 34) arranged to collect the scattered light from a solid angle of at least 3. around the region where the particle stream crosses the light beam (11); and a data processor (37). The detector (36) is associated with an imaging screen (35) positioned such that rays of light scattered from the particle and imaged thereon by the optical system (17, 32, 33, 34) are monotonically ordered with respect to the angle of scattering of the rays from the particle, the rear chamber (20) contains sensor means (25) for sensing scattered light not collected by the optical means (17, 32, 33, 34) and thereby determining the presence of a particle in the beam of light (11), the means (25) forming part of a trigger for triggering the video camera (36) to store an image associated with the particle, and the data processor (37) is adapted to compare parameters of the image with parameters stored in a memory to determine the nature of the particle.