公开(公告)号：US5103491A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-07

申请号：US566460

申请日：1990-08-20

Applicant: Nobuyuki Kuzuta

Inventor： Nobuyuki Kuzuta

IPC: G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/313

CPC classification number: G02F1/3132 ,  G02F2201/125 ,  G02F2203/06

Abstract: A waveguide type optical circuit element having a directional coupler for converting light intensity between two waveguides, which is used as a polarity-independent optical switch or a variable optical divider for optical fiber communications and the like. The two waveguides (2), (3) have a coupling section length which is in a TE mode about three times a complete coupling length of the TE mode, and in a TM mode about one time a complete coupling length of the TM mode. Electrodes (4), (5) comprise three-part electrodes of different lengths which act as reverse .DELTA..beta. electrodes for alternately reversing a direction of an electric field. This construction promotes the light-confinement effect of the waveguides, reduces the drive voltage necessary for carrying out an optical switching operation, and realizes optimal element characteristics in accordance with a ratio of variations in the propagation coefficient in the TE mode and TM mode of the directional coupler manufactured.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / JP90 / 00005 Sec。 371日期1990年8月20日 102（e）1990年8月20日PCT PCT 1990年1月4日PCT PCT。 WO90 / 12341 PCT出版物 1990年10月18日。具有用于转换两个波导之间的光强度的定向耦合器的波导型光电路元件，其用作用于光纤通信的极性无关的光开关或可变分频器等。 两个波导（2），（3）具有耦合部分长度，其为TE模式，约为TE模式的完全耦合长度的三倍，并且在TM模式中约为TM模的完整耦合长度的一倍。 电极（4），（5）包括不同长度的三部分电极，其作为用于交替地反转电场方向的反向DELTAβ电极。 这种结构提高了波导的光限制效应，降低了进行光开关操作所需的驱动电压，并且根据TE模式和TM模式中的传播系数的变化比例来实现最佳元件特性 制造定向耦合器。

公开(公告)号：US4917449A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-17

申请号：US270264

申请日：1988-11-14

Applicant: Per O. Granestrand

Inventor： Per O. Granestrand

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/126 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/31 ,  G02F1/313

CPC classification number: G02B6/126 ,  G02F1/3132 ,  G02F2001/0144 ,  G02F2201/125 ,  G02F2203/06

Abstract: Polarization directing optoelectronic coupler on a wafer of doubly refracting material with an optical axis (L1). The coupler has an interaction region (L1) with waveguides (L1) and an electrode means. The interaction region (L1) is divided into two sections with a central electrode and two outer electrodes in each section. Voltage sources are connected to the electrodes and generate electrical fields through the waveguides. The electrical field between the outer electrodes has in each section the same direction in both waveguides and achieves an .DELTA.H modulation. The electrical field between the central electrode and outer electrodes has mutually reverse direction in both waveguides in the sections and achieves a .DELTA..beta. modulation. For an arbitrarily polarized lightwave both the crossover state and the bar state can be achieved for both the TE and TM modes or one of its oscillation modes can be crossed over and the other of its oscillation modes can be coupled straight through. The directional coupler can be driven at low voltages and the required manufacturing accuracy is relatively low.

公开(公告)号：US4732445A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-22

申请号：US3935

申请日：1987-01-16

Applicant: Christian Sabatier ,  Alain Carenco

Inventor： Christian Sabatier ,  Alain Carenco

IPC: G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/05 ,  G02F1/313 ,  H03K17/78 ,  G02B6/10

CPC classification number: G02F1/3134 ,  G02F2201/125

Abstract: Electrooptical directional coupler with traveling wave and alternating phase shift. This coupler comprises a central electrode in the form of microstrip (MB) of width W and two lateral electrodes (BL1, BL2) very wide in comparison with W. The propagation line then is asymmetrical.

Abstract translation: 具有行波和交替相移的电光定向耦合器。 该耦合器包括具有宽度W的微带（MB）形式的中心电极和与W相比非常宽的两个横向电极（BL1，BL2）。然后传播线是不对称的。

公开(公告)号：US4711515A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-08

申请号：US614528

申请日：1984-05-29

Applicant: Rodney C. Alferness

Inventor： Rodney C. Alferness

IPC: G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/313 ,  H04J14/06 ,  G02B6/10

CPC classification number: G02F1/3132 ,  H04J14/06 ,  G02F2001/0144 ,  G02F2201/125

Abstract: An electrooptic polarization multiplexer/demultiplexer incorporates an electrooptic, directional coupler switch structure. The multiplexer/demultiplexer includes a substrate of birefringent, electrooptic material, a pair of phase matched, dielectric waveguides embedded in the substrate and spaced closely together over a distance L (the coupler or device length), a buffer layer of insulating material positioned over the substrate and the pair of electrodes, and a plurality of metallic electrodes positioned on the buffer layer in the vicinity of the waveguides. Electrodes are arranged in a multi-section, reversed .DELTA..beta. configuration. The distance L is selected such that 1.ltoreq.L/1.sub.TE .ltoreq.2 and L/1.sub.TM .ltoreq.0.5, where 1.sub.TE and 1.sub.TM are transfer lengths for the TE and TM modes, respectively.

Abstract translation: 电光偏振复用器/解复用器包含电光定向耦合器开关结构。 多路复用器/解复用器包括双折射，电光材料的衬底，嵌入在衬底中的一对相位匹配的介质波导，并且在距离L（耦合器或器件长度）上紧密地间隔开，绝缘材料的缓冲层位于 基板和一对电极，以及位于波导附近的缓冲层上的多个金属电极。 电极布置成多部分，反向的DELTA beta配置。 距离L被选择为使得1 / L / 1TE

公开(公告)号：US4652078A

公开(公告)日：1987-03-24

申请号：US609017

申请日：1984-05-10

Applicant: Herve Baratte ,  Dominique Lesterlin ,  Alain Carenco

Inventor： Herve Baratte ,  Dominique Lesterlin ,  Alain Carenco

IPC: G02B6/12 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/05 ,  G02F1/31 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02B6/10

CPC classification number: G02F1/3134 ,  G02F2201/125

Abstract: The electrode structure comprises in each section three parallel microbands of identical width, the first and second microband covering first and second optical guides respectively and being separated by a width giving to the propagating line which they form a characteristic impedance equal to the required adaptation impedance; the third microband is far enough away from the second band for the contribution of the former to such characteristic impedance to be negligible. The covering of the first and second optical guides by the first and second microbands alternates from one section to the next section and the passage from a first section to a second section is obtained by a transition zone comprising inclined microbands.

Abstract translation: 电极结构在每个部分中包括三个具有相同宽度的平行微带，第一和第二微带分别覆盖第一和第二光导，并且分隔一个给予传播线的宽度，它们形成等于所需自适应阻抗的特性阻抗; 第三个微带远离第二个频带，因为前者对这种特性阻抗的贡献可以忽略不计。 通过第一和第二微带覆盖第一和第二光导通道从一个部分交替到下一个部分，并且通过包括倾斜的微带的过渡区获得从第一部分到第二部分的通道。

公开(公告)号：US4243295A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-06

申请号：US77092

申请日：1979-09-19

Applicant: Rodney C. Alferness

Inventor： Rodney C. Alferness

IPC: G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02B5/14 ,  G02F1/137

CPC classification number: G02F1/3132 ,  G02F2201/125 ,  G02F2203/06

Abstract: Because orthogonally polarized optical waves see unequal electrooptic coefficients and refractive indices for the same applied voltage, it has been difficult to obtain efficient switching of arbitrarily polarized waves. This difficulty is resolved in a reverse .DELTA..beta. directional coupler (10, 11) which employs spatial tapering of the distance between waveguides (D(z)) for efficient through-coupling, and the appropriate choice of effective coupling strengths (s.sub.TE, s.sub.TM) for the two polarizations for efficient cross-coupling.

Abstract translation: 由于正交偏振光波在相同的施加电压下看到不均匀的电光系数和折射率，所以难以获得任意极化波的有效切换。 在使用波导（D（z））之间的距离的空间渐缩以有效地通过耦合的反向DELTA beta定向耦合器（10,11）中解决这个难题，以及有效耦合强度（sTE，sTM）的适当选择， 对于两个极化有效的交叉耦合。

公开(公告)号：EP1065550A1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-03

申请号：EP00112822.2

申请日：2000-06-16

Applicant: Optical Technologies Italia S.p.A.

Inventor： Bosso, Sergio ,  Casaccia, Emilio ,  Frassati, Davide ,  Ghione, Giovanni ,  Perasso, Aldo ,  Pirola, Marco

IPC: G02F1/035

CPC classification number: G02F1/0356 ,  G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2201/125

Abstract: A resonant optical modulator includes an electro-optical substrate, an optical waveguide (1) formed in the substrate and having a variable index of refraction, and an active modulator electrode (3) formed on the substrate in relation to the waveguide to effect electro-optical variation of the index of refraction upon application to the electrode of a modulating signal. An interface port (5) formed on the substrate provides the modulating signal to the electrode from a signal source and has an impedance. An electrical structure (6,7), formed on the substrate and coupled to the interface port (5) and the electrode (3) makes an impedance of the optical modulator substantially equal to the impedance of the signal source. The electrical structure includes a delay line (7) and a stub (6) formed on the substrate.

Abstract translation: 共振光学调制器包括电光基板，形成在基板中并且具有可变折射率的光波导（1）和相对于波导形成在基板上的有源调制器电极（3） 在施加到电极上的调制信号时的折射率的光学变化。 形成在基板上的接口端口（5）从信号源向电极提供调制信号并具有阻抗。 形成在基板上并耦合到接口端口（5）和电极（3）的电结构（6,7）使光调制器的阻抗基本上等于信号源的阻抗。 电结构包括延伸线（7）和形成在基底上的短截线（6）。

公开(公告)号：EP0494751B1

公开(公告)日：1997-11-12

申请号：EP92300107.7

申请日：1992-01-07

Applicant: THE FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

Inventor： Mak, Hon-Ming ,  Yanagawa, Hisaharu, c/o The Furukawa Electric Co.

IPC: G02F1/313

CPC classification number: G02F1/3132 ,  G02F2201/125

公开(公告)号：EP0646832A2

公开(公告)日：1995-04-05

申请号：EP94306939.3

申请日：1994-09-21

Applicant: AT&T Corp.

Inventor： Murphy, Edmond J.

IPC: G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/225

CPC classification number: G02F1/3132 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F2201/125

Abstract: A three or more section reverse Δβ directional coupler (10) designed to operate at a number of coupling lengths (L/ℓ) selected from a region of a corresponding switching diagram where the cross and bar state switching curves are approximately parallel to each other and to the vertical axis, the vertical axis defining numbers of coupling lengths, or from a region of corresponding process sensitivity plots for the cross and bar states where the cross and bar state voltage curves are both approximately of zero slope. A number of these directional couplers form an optical switching array and a number of arrays form a system or network for switching optical signals each of which are capable of operation with uniform cross and bar state voltages at low crosstalk levels.

Abstract translation: 光波导开关包括形成在电光材料的基板中或基底上的第一和第二光波导。 光波导在具有多个耦合长度的耦合区域中彼此紧密地布置，耦合区域选自具有交叉和条状切换曲线的相应开关图。 开关图具有对应于耦合长度数的第一轴和与交叉和条状电压成比例的第二轴。 耦合长度的数量从切换图的区域中选择，其中交叉和条状切换曲线彼此大致并联，并且切换图的第一轴对应于耦合长度的数量。 提供耦合区域中的至少三对反向Dbeta电极，以响应于条状态电压响应于交叉状态电压和条状态而将第一和第二光波导切换到交叉状态。

公开(公告)号：EP0417295B1

公开(公告)日：1995-03-08

申请号：EP90901661.0

申请日：1990-01-04

Applicant: SHIMADZU CORPORATION

Inventor： KUZUTA, N. Shimadzu Corporation Atugi-Factory,

IPC: G02F1/313

CPC classification number: G02F1/3132 ,  G02F2201/125 ,  G02F2203/06

Abstract: A waveguide-type optical circuit element which is equipped with a directional coupler that varies the intensity of light between two waveguides, and is used as a polarization-independent optical switch or a variable light-branching filter for optical fiber communication, etc. The length of the coupling portion of two waveguides (2) and (3) is, in the case of the TE mode, about three times as long as the complete coupling length of the TE mode. In the case of the TM mode, the length is nearly equal to the complete coupling length of the TM mode. Electrodes (4) and (5) each divided into three parts are inverted-Δβ electrodes in which the direction of the electric field is inverted alternately. Thus, the effect of confining the light in the waveguides is enhanced, and the driving voltage for optical switching is low. Optimum element characteristics are obtained according to the ratio of variations of the propagation constants of the TE and TM modes of the directional coupler fabricated.