Abstract:
Continuous process for the hydrothermal conversion of a solid starting iron compound selected from the group of iron oxides, iron hydroxides, iron oxyhydroxides, and mixtures thereof into a solid product iron compound with different physical, chemical, and/or structural properties. The process comprises the steps of a) dispersing the solid starting iron compound in a liquid thus forming a suspension, and b) feeding the suspension continuously though one or more agitated conversion vessel(s), in which vessel(s) the solid starting iron compound is converted into the solid product iron compound under hydrothermalconditions.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of crystalline anionic clay-containing bodies from sources comprising an aluminium source and a magnesium source comprising the steps of: a) preparing a precursor mixture, b) shaping the precursor mixture to obtain shaped bodies, c) optionally thermally treating the shaped bodies, and d) ageing to obtain crystalline anionic clay-containing bodies. The quintessence of the present invention is that the bodies are shaped prior to the forming of the crystalline anionic clay in said bodies. This results in very attrition resistant bodies, without the need to add a binder material.
Abstract:
Use of cationic layered materials in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking. Cationic layered materials are especially suitable for the reduction of Sox and Nox emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel. A new process is provided for the preparation of cationic layered materials, which process avoids the use of metal salts and does not require the formation of anionic clay as intermediate.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of an additive-containing anionic clay comprising the steps of (a) preparing a physical mixture by mixing a dry divalent metal compound with a dry trivalent metal compound, said physical mixture being solid at room temperature, (b) calcining said physical mixture at a temperature in the range 200-800°C without performing a prior aging or shaping step, thereby forming a product containing at least 5 wt% of a hydratable compound, and (c) hydrating the calcined mixture in aqueous suspension containing an additive to form the additive-containing anionic clay. This process provides a simple and cost-effective way of preparing additivecontaining anionic clays. The process does neither require aging or reaction steps before calcination, nor does it require precipitation of metal salts or the handling of inhomogeneous slurries.
Abstract:
The present invention pertains to a sulfur-containing catalyst composition suitable for the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feeds which comprises a Group VIB metal component selected from molybdenum, tungsten, and mixtures thereof, a Group V metal component selected from vanadium, niobium, tantalum, and mixtures thereof, and a Group VIII metal component selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, and mixtures thereof, the metal components (calculated as oxides) making up at least 50 wt.% of the catalyst, wherein the molar ratio between the metal components satisfies the following formula: (Group VIB + Group V):(Group VIII) = 0.5-2:1. This catalyst has been found to show a high activity in sulfur removal in combination with good aromatics removal properties.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of a catalyst composition comprising the steps of (a) treating an FCC equilibrium catalyst that contains alumina and zeolite with an acidic solution to obtain an acid-treated equilibrium catalyst, and (b) contacting the acid-treated equilibrium catalyst with an aqueous solution or suspension of a divalent metal compound. With this process, FCC equilibrium catalysts - even when highly contaminated with vanadium - can be upgraded to make them suitable again for use in catalytic processes, for instance as catalyst additives in FCC.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of an oxidic catalyst composition comprising a trivalent metal preferably aluminium, a divalent metal preferably magnesium and more than 18 wt% of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal compounds, phosphorus compounds, and transition metal compounds, which process comprises the following steps: (a) preparing a sodium-free precursor solution, (b) forming a precipitating by adding a sodium-free base to the precursor solution, (c) optionally aging the precipitate, (d) drying the precipitate, and (e) calcining the dried precipitate. The resulting oxidic catalyst composition is suitable as a metal trap in a fluid catalytic cracking process.
Abstract:
The invention pertains to a process for activating an hydrotreating catalyst comprising a Group VIB metal oxide and a Group VIII metal oxide which process comprises contacting the catalyst with an acid and an organic additive which has a boiling point in the range of 80-500° C. and a solubility in water of at least 5 grams per liter (20° C., atmospheric pressure), optionally followed by drying under such conditions that at least 50% of the additive is maintained in the catalyst. The hydrotreating catalyst may be a fresh hydrotreating catalyst or a used hydrotreating catalyst which has been regenerated.