Abstract:
Process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous precursor mixture comprising a water-insoluble aluminium source; (b) decreasing the pH of the precursor mixture of step (a) by at least 2 units; (c) increasing the pH of the mixture of step (b) by at least 2 units, and (d) aging the mixture of step (c) under hydrothermal conditions to form a quasi-crystalline boehmite. This process provides for the hydrothermal preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmites with high peptizability. The invention therefore further relates to quasi-crystalline boehmites with a high peptizability, measured as the Z-average submicron particle size. This Z-average submicron particle size preferably is less than 500 nm, more preferably less than 300 nm, even more preferably less than 200 nm, and most preferably less than 100 nm.
Abstract:
A composition comprising FCC catalyst particles and additive particles suitable for the reduction of NO x emissions from a FCC regenerator, said additive particles comprising a Mg and Al-containing anionic clay or solid solution, a rare earth metal oxide, alumina and/or silica-alumina, and Y-type zeolite. The invention further relates to a process for preparing such a composition and its use for reducing NO x emissions.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of an additive-containing anionic clay comprising the steps of (a) preparing a physical mixture by mixing a dry divalent metal compound with a dry trivalent metal compound, said physical mixture being solid at room temperature, (b) calcining said physical mixture at a temperature in the range 200-800°C without performing a prior aging or shaping step, thereby forming a product containing at least 5 wt% of a hydratable compound, and (c) hydrating the calcined mixture in aqueous suspension containing an additive to form the additive-containing anionic clay. This process provides a simple and cost-effective way of preparing additivecontaining anionic clays. The process does neither require aging or reaction steps before calcination, nor does it require precipitation of metal salts or the handling of inhomogeneous slurries.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of an additive-containing anionic clay comprising the steps of (a) milling a physical mixture of a divalent metal compound and a trivalent metal compound, (b) calcining the physical mixture at a temperature in the range 200-800°C, and (c) hydrating the calcined mixture in aqueous suspension, wherein an additive is present in the physical mixture and/or the aqueous suspension of step (c). With this process additive-containing anionic clays with a homogeneous additive distribution can be prepared.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of a metal-containing composition, which process comprises the steps of (a) calcining a physical mixture of an anionic clay and a metal additive at a temperature between 200 and 800°C, and (b) rehydrating the calcined product of step a). This process allows the use of insoluble metal additives. It does not require the use of soluble metal additives, which has economic and environmental advantages.
Abstract:
Process for upgrading a liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising the steps of (a) preparing a slurry comprising the hydrocarbon feed having a boiling range above 350°C and solid particles comprising a rehydratable material, (b) thermally treating said slurry at a temperature in the range of 250 to 550°C, (c) optionally separating the thermally treated slurry into ( I) a lower boiling fraction and (ii) a higher boiling fraction containing the solid particles and formed coke, if any, and (d) separating the solid particles and formed coke, if any, from the thermally treated slurry resulting from step b) or the higher boiling fraction of step c).
Abstract:
The preparation of Anderson-type heteropolyanions that are more economical and environmentally attractive, as well as more suitable for industrial, large-scale production, is disclosed generally comprising the steps of providing at least one solid source of a polyvalent metal Me, heat treating the at least one solid source of a polyvalent metal Me, and contacting the heat treated polyvalent metal Me with an aqueous solution of at least one source of a transition metal TM, wherein the polyvalent metal Me is not the same as the transition metal TM, and wherein the atomic ratio TM:Me is at least about 2.5.
Abstract:
This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of Mg-containing non-Al anionic clays. It involves (hydro)thermally reacting a slurry comprising a Mg metals source with a trivalent metals source to directly obtain Mg-containing non-Al anionic clay, the Mg sources being an oxide, hydroxide or a carbonate. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity proudcts that contain anionic clays.
Abstract:
Hydrocarbon conversion process comprising the steps of (a) suspending catalyst particles comprising a layered material in a first, polar hydrocarbon, employing conditions such as will cause delamination of the layered material to form a suspension comprising particles with a size of less than 1 micron, (b) optionally adding the suspension to a second hydrocarbon, (c) converting the first and/or the optional second hydrocarbon in the presence of said delaminated layered material, and (d) separating the delaminated material from the first and the optional second hydrocarbon. This process provides an economically desired way of converting hydrocarbons using small catalyst particles.