Abstract:
A vertically stacked carded web structure having an area density in a range from 60 to 500 gm/m 2 , a height of in a range from 5mm to 40mm and a peak frequency which occurs in a range from 4 to 24 times per inch exhibits superior insulating properties.
Abstract translation:面积密度为60〜500gm / m 2,高度为5mm〜40mm,峰值频率为4〜24次/英寸 表现出绝佳的绝缘性能。
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for the production of a purified aromatic dicarboxylic acid comprising the steps of: i) catalytically oxidizing a hydrocarbon precursor in an organic solvent to form a product stream and a vent gas in an oxidation stage; ii) separating the vent gas from the oxidation stage into an organic solvent-rich liquid stream and a water-rich vapour stream in a distillation stage; iii) condensing the water-rich vapour stream from the distillation stage into a condensate stream and a vapour stream in a first condensation stage by transferring heat from the water-rich vapour stream to a first coolant liquid flowing in a coolant system; and iv) forming a slurry of crude aromatic dicarboxylic acid crystals and an overhead vapour from the product stream from the oxidation stage in a crystallisation stage; and v) purifying the crude aromatic dicarboxylic acid crystals to yield the purified aromatic dicarboxylic acid, characterised in that the process further comprises the steps of: vi) condensing at least a portion of the overhead vapour from the crystallisation stage by transferring heat from the overhead vapour to a second coolant liquid flowing in the coolant system, wherein at least a portion of the second coolant liquid is derived from the first coolant liquid, wherein the condensing of at least a portion of the overhead vapour from the crystallisation stage is conducted in a second condensation stage comprising a first condenser; and vii) measuring the temperature of the second coolant liquid in the coolant system downstream of the first condenser and/or measuring the flow rate of the second coolant liquid in the coolant system; wherein the coolant system is configured to direct at least a portion of the second coolant liquid from a position in the coolant system downstream of the first condenser to a position in the coolant system upstream of the first condenser via a feedback system configured to cool the second coolant liquid if the measured temperature of the second coolant liquid downstream of the first condenser is greater than or equal to a first pre-set temperature and/or the measured flow rate of the second coolant liquid is less than or equal to a pre-set flow rate. The present invention further provides an apparatus for carrying out the process.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for recovering a derivative of an organic solvent from a first process stream comprising the organic solvent, water, and the derivative of the organic solvent in a process for the production of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid comprising the catalytic oxidation of a hydrocarbon precursor in the organic solvent in an oxidation reactor, comprising the steps of: i) feeding the first process stream to a stripping device comprising a stripping column and sump; ii) removing a purified organic solvent stream from the sump; and iii) transferring an overhead stream from the stripping column to a condenser, wherein the mass concentration of the derivative of the organic solvent in the purified organic solvent stream removed from the sump in step ii) is lower than the mass concentration of the derivative of the organic solvent in the first process stream fed to the stripping device in step i), and, optionally, wherein the mass concentration of the derivative of the organic solvent in the overhead stream transferred to the condenser in step iii)is greater than the mass concentration of the derivative of the organic solvent in the first process stream fed to the stripping device in step i). The present invention further provides apparatus for carrying out the method, and a process for the production of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid incorporating the method.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for the production of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid comprising the catalytic oxidation of a hydrocarbon precursor in an organic solvent, comprising the steps of: i) separating a vent gas from an oxidation stage into an organic solvent-rich liquid stream and a water-rich vapour stream in a distillation stage; and ii) separating an aqueous purification mother liquor comprising organic compounds from purified aromatic dicarboxylic acid crystals in a separation stage, characterised in that the process further comprises the steps of: iii) transferring the aqueous purification mother liquor from the separation stage to an extraction stage; iv) extracting said organic compounds from the aqueous purification mother liquor by contacting the aqueous purification mother liquor at a temperature of at least 90ºC with an organic liquid in the extraction stage to form an aqueous phase and an organic phase, wherein the concentration of said organic compounds in the aqueous phase is lower than the concentration of said organic compounds in the aqueous purification mother liquor; and v) transferring the aqueous phase to said distillation stage. The present invention further provides an apparatus for carrying out the process.
Abstract:
The disclosed process provides an improved process for manufacturing and recovering butanediol. More particularly, the disclosed process relates to an improved process for manufacturing and recovering butanediol from feedstock comprising butynediol in a reaction zone at reaction conditions, comprising the steps of reacting butynediol in the liquid phase and hydrogen in a reaction zone containing hydrogenation catalyst, recovering liquid phase product from the reaction zone, passing the recovered liquid phase product into a first liquid pressure let down vessel maintained at specific conditions, recovering first and second streams from the first liquid pressure let down vessel as liquid bottoms and overhead vent gas, respectively, passing the first stream liquid bottoms recovered to a second liquid pressure let down vessel maintained at specific conditions, and the second stream vent gas recovered to a vent gas cooler maintained at specific conditions, passing the gas from the vent gas cooler to a hydrogen recovery zone comprising a membrane filter, whereby the permeate comprises high purity hydrogen gas and the retentate comprises contaminants, recycling the permeate to the reaction zone, and recovering first and second streams from the second liquid pressure let down vessel as liquid bottoms comprising butanediol and overhead vent gas, respectively.
Abstract:
A continuous process for producing a nylon salt solution prepared using a liquid partially balanced adipic solution enriched in dicarboxylic acid, and in particular adipic acid. The liquid feed is prepared by metering dicarboxylic acid powder, based on weight, from a loss-in-weight feeder to a feeding conduit that transfers the dicarboxylic acid powder into a vessel comprising a disperser head; feeding a first feed stream of diamine to the vessel to form a dispersion comprising between 32 wt.% and 46 wt.% dicarboxylic acid, between 11 wt.% and 15 wt.% diamine, and between 39 wt.% and 57 wt.% water, and heating the dispersion at temperature between 50C and 60C to form a partially balanced adipic solution. A nylon salt solution is prepared from the liquid partially balanced adipic solution and continuously withdrawn into a storage tank. The nylon salt solution has a uniform pH and is suitable for producing nylon polymers.
Abstract:
This document describes biochemical pathways for producing isoprene by forming two vinyl groups in a central precursor produced from isobutyryl-CoA, 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, or 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate as well as recombinant hosts for producing isoprene.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an improved process for manufacturing and recovering butynediol from a reaction mixture comprising an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde, acetylene and suspended catalyst solids in a particular reaction zone, such as a reactor vessel devoid of internal filter assemblies, whereby a product slurry stream comprising butynediol and suspended catalyst solids is removed from the reaction zone and fed to a filter zone external from the reaction zone, the product slurry stream being moved to the external filter zone by injection of a composition comprising acetylene at a point between the reaction zone and the filter zone.
Abstract:
Disclosed are process controls for controlling the continuous preparation of nylon salt solution. The process controls include feed forward controls. A model is generated to achieve a target pH and/or salt concentration. Feed rates are set for each of a dicarboxylic acid monomer, a diamine monomer, and/or water to a single continuous stirred tank reactor. The dicarboxylic acid is metered, based on weight, from a loss-in-weight feeder to the reactor. At least a portion of the nylon salt solution is sent to a reactor recirculation loop, where the pH and/or salt content are measured. Feedback, e.g., output signals, from the pH and or salt content measurement devices are used to adjust at least one of the feed rates. The nylon salt solution has low variability from a target pH and/or a target salt solution concentration.
Abstract:
Disclosed are process controls for controlling the continuous preparation of nylon salt solution. The process controls include feed forward controls. A model is generated to achieve a target pH and/or salt concentration. Feed rates are set for each of a dicarboxylic acid monomer, a diamine monomer, and/or water to a single continuous stirred tank reactor. The dicarboxylic acid is metered, based on weight, from a loss-in-weight feeder to the reactor. At least a portion of the nylon salt solution is sent to a reactor recirculation loop, where the pH and/or salt content are measured. Output signals from the pH and or salt content measurement devices are used to adjust at least one of the feed rates. The nylon salt solution has low variability from a target pH and/or a target salt solution concentration.